婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后并发呼吸机相关性肺炎的诱因和对策分析

摘要

呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）是婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后最为常见的并发症之一，同时也是危及患儿生命重要的原因。对于呼吸机相关性肺炎发病原因的研究及对不同诱因相关护理对策的探索，一直是一线医务工作者们关心的热点和渴望解决的难题。本资料基于科室多年的婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后护理的经验，就婴幼儿这个特殊的群体，在考虑到其发育水平，免疫力和认知水平等异于成年人的基础上，着重分析了该年龄段先天性心脏病患者术后并发呼吸机相关性肺炎的原因，并针对各个诱因探讨了相应的护理对策。我们得出结论，婴幼儿由于其特殊性，在先天性心脏病术后护理过程更应该设法避免呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生，尤其是要在护理工作中注意操作规范和尽量杜绝医源性感染。%Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a very common complication in infants who have surgeries because of congenital heart disease. VAP also leads high mortality rate. Medical workers have focused on VAP for a long time to find out countemesures which can prevent or cure VAP. In this review, the author summarized the details of factors which could cause VAP. Based on these, the author also discussed some strategies to avoid VAP. In consideration of infants, the author suggested that nursing staffs should lay stress on standard operation during their work, and try their best to avert VAP.