长期卧床患者系统化护理干预前后营养的评估方法及护理时机的研究

摘要

Objective To investigate the best assessment method and timing of nutritional care to bedridden patients. Methods 300 bedridden patients accepted by our hospital from October 2009 to December 2012 were randomly divided into 2 groups. 150 cases of the experimental group were nutritionally nursed using Cavan-based total parenteral nutrition (TPN),and a new nutritional assessment tool,"nutritional risk screening" (NRS 2002),was used to observe the patients' hemoglobin,albumin and weight,et al,and analyse the relationship between nutritional risk and nutritional support. Results 1,2 weeks nutritional index value of the patients in the experimental group were higher than that of the contrast group,and the comparison difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion There exists high proportion of nutritional risk or inanition in long term bedridden patients. As shown in the experimental group,we can give effective nutritional assessment to the long term bedridden patients,master the timing of nutritional care and enhance the patient's nutritional supply, and offer great help to patients' late functional recovery.%目的探讨长期卧床患者营养护理的最佳评估方法及护理时机。方法将2009年10月~2012年12月本院收治的300例长期卧床患者随机分为两组。实验组150例，采取进行营养支持，以卡文为主进行全胃肠外营养（TPN），使用一种新的营养评定工具--“营养风险筛查”（NRS 2002），观察患者的血红蛋白、白蛋白、体重等情况，分析营养风险和营养支持之间的关系，对照组150例没有进行肠外营养。结果实验组患者的第1、2周营养指标值均高于对照组患者的相应指标，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论长期卧床患者中存在较高比例的营养风险或营养不足。实验组能有效对长期卧床患者进行营养评估，掌握营养护理时机，增强患者的营养供给，又提高了护士对患者护理的主动性，而且对患者后期功能恢复有很大的帮助。