肿瘤缺氧微环境中外泌体的研究进展

摘要

Hypoxia could lead to stronger ability to adapt, higher degree of malignancy and drug resistance in tumors, exosomes play an important role in this progress. Exosomes are vesicles derived from the endosomes, and contribute to transporting bioactive molecules in cellular level mainly. Significantly increased secretion of exosomes in hypoxia condition has been proved, exsomes play a role in tumor microenvioronment due to internal nucleic acid and proteins which act as transmission signals, and result in intratumour heterogeneity, changing immunological responses, producing cancer associated fibroblasts, promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. Exosomes content similar to the original cell has been reported, it indicates if they are deemed appropriate hypxia markers, tumor diagnosis and prognosis could be implemented through a minimally invasive procedure. Therefore, the study of exosomes in hypoxia tumor microenvironment might expand a new way in cancer treatment.%缺氧可以导致肿瘤的适应性更强、恶性程度更高以及耐药性，外泌体在其中发挥了重要作用。外泌体是从胞内体脱落下来的小囊泡，主要作用是运送细胞之间的生物活性分子。缺氧会导致外泌体分泌显著增加，而外泌体中的核酸和蛋白质通过信号转导在肿瘤微环境中发挥一系列作用，包括肿瘤异质化、改变免疫应答、诱导肿瘤相关成纤维细胞、促进血管生成和转移等。此外，研究发现外泌体的内容物类似于来源的细胞，意味着如果把它们视为适宜的缺氧状态标志物就能够通过微创过程进行肿瘤的诊断和预后。因此，研究缺氧微环境中的外泌体可能会开拓癌症治疗的新思路。