渐进式肌肉放松训练对鼻咽癌放疗患者的影响

摘要

目的 分析渐进式肌肉放松训练对鼻咽癌放疗患者负面情绪、生活质量、毒副作用的影响.方法 选择2013年1月～2016年1月在四川大学华西医院接受放疗的92例鼻咽癌患者作为研究对象,根据单盲随机对照法分为观察组和对照组,每组各46例.对照组患者接受常规护理干预,观察组患者接受渐进式肌肉放松训练,均持续3个月.干预后,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、自尊量表(SES)评估两组患者的负面情绪状态.采用欧洲癌症患者生活质量调查问卷(QLQ-C30)评估两组患者的生活质量.采用RTOG/EORTC急性放射反应评分评定两组患者的放疗毒副作用严重程度,记录并发症发生百分率.结果 干预前,两组患者的负面情绪及生活质量评分值差异无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05).干预3个月后,观察组患者的SAS、SDS评分值显著低于对照组患者,SES评分值显著高于对照组患者(P＜0.05);观察组患者的生活质量评分值显著高于对照组患者(P＜0.05);两组患者的放射反应评分分级差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),观察组患者的放射性皮炎、口腔黏膜炎、张口受阻、吞咽困难发生率低于对照组患者(P＜0.05).结论 渐进式肌肉放松训练可缓解鼻咽癌放疗患者的负面情绪,提升生活质量并降低毒副作用.%Objective To study the influence of progressive muscle relaxation on negative mood,quality of life,toxic and side effects in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.Methods 92 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy in West China Hospital,Sichuan University from January 2013 to January 2016 were chosen as research subject.All patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the single blind randomized control method,with 46 cases in each group.Patients in control group were treated with routine nursing intervention and those in obsewation group were treated with progressive muscle relaxation training,they were treated for three months.Negative emotional state was evacuated by Self rating Anxiety Scale (SAS),self rating Depression Scale (SDS),Self esteem scale (SES);quality of life was assessed by Questionnaire of quality of life for patients with cancer in Europe (QLQ-C30);side effects of radiotherapy were tested by RTOG/EORTC acute radiation response score,complications percentage was recorded.Results Before intervention,there were not significant differences between two groups in negative emotions and quality of life score (P ＞ 0.05);three months after intervention,SAS and SDS scores in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group,SES score in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05);life quality scores in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05);there were significant differences between two groups in different radiation reaction levels (P ＜ 0.05).Radioactive side effects such as dermatitis and mucositis,mouth blocked,dysphagia in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Progressive muscle relaxation training can alleviate the negative emotions,improve the quality of life and reduce the adverse effects of toxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy.