京津冀城市群地区土地生态状况评估

摘要

研究目的:开展区域尺度土地生态状况的科学评估,服务于国家生态文明建设、城市群协同发展和土地资源规划与管理.研究方法:以第二次全国土地调查年度数据、遥感数据和气象、土壤等数据为基础,从生态系统结构、生态质量和生态系统服务3个方面构建评估框架,并采用AHP和CRITIC法确定因子权重,定量评估2015年京津冀城市群地区土地生态状况.研究结果:2015年,研究区的土地生态状况具有西部、北部较优,东部、南部较低的地理梯度分异,产水服务与干扰度指数、碳贮存服务间存在一定的权衡关系,而碳贮存服务、净初级生产力和源生境连通性是研究区土地生态状况的主要障碍因子.研究结论:当前或未来的土地利用管理中应综合权衡城市扩张、粮食安全和生态维护,针对土地生态状况的区域差异、生态因子间的冲突关系及主要的限制类型确定相应的土地持续利用与生态维持、恢复方式.%The purpose of the study is to scientifically evaluate the land ecological status in the regional scale, and thus to facilitate the national ecological civilization construction, the coordinated development of urban agglomeration as well as the planning and management of land resources. Based on the annual data of the second national land survey and data from remote sensing, meteorology and soil, this paper built an evaluation framework from three aspects: ecosystem structure, ecological quality and ecosystem services. The AHP and CRITIC methods were used to determine the weight of the factors. By using the above methods, this paper ultimately conducted the quantitative evaluation of land ecological status in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region in 2015. The results showed that in 2015, the land ecological status in the study area presented a geological gradient differentiation. The western and northern part were in a better land ecological status while the eastern and southern area were in a relatively low one. There was a certain trade-off relationship among the water production service, the disturbance and the carbon storage. In addition, carbon storage services, net primary productivity and source habitat connectivity were the major barriers to the land ecological status in the study area. Therefore, in the current or the future land use management, the relationship among urban expansion, food security and ecological maintenance should be comprehensively balanced. The corresponding sustainable land use, ecological maintenance and restoration measures should be determined according to the regional differences of land ecological status, the conflicts among ecological factors and the main types of restrictions.