研究目的:分析总结中国农地制度变迁的路径特征、决定条件和影响因素,并展望进一步研究方向.研究方法:文献分析法.研究结果:(1)改革开放以来的中国农地制度变迁呈现出一个较清晰的路径,即改革始终沿着市场取向、明晰产权、稳定地权的方向演进;(2)农地使用权制度改革的成功源于诱致性变迁与强制性变迁的结合,即弹性的中央政策制定、渐进式的地方实施以及具有学习效应的农户认知三者的有机互动,并体现出制度变迁的"共生演化"特征及其蕴含的"适应性效率";(3)新制度经济学是解释中国经济改革和农地制度变迁的有效工具,然而由于经典的新制度经济学本质上的静态性以及国家理论的缺乏,难以对现实世界的各类制度变迁给出一般化的解释.研究结论:基于经典的新制度经济学,进一步整合行为经济学、机制设计理论、演化博弈论等理论工具,超越"强制性—诱致性变迁"二分法,构建一个真正动态的制度变迁模型是一个重要研究方向.%The purpose of this paper is to analyze and summarize the path characteristics, decision conditions and driving factors of China's rural land institutional change, and explore the further research direction. Documentation analysis method is employed. The results indicate that: 1)China's rural land institutional changes starting from the reform and opening up showed a clear reform path with characteristics of market orientation, clear property rights and land tenure security. 2)The success of rural land reform largely contributed to the combination of induced and imposed institutional changes, that is, the interaction among the elastic central policy, the gradual implementation of local governments and the farmers' increasing perception through learning effect. This progress reflected the "co-evolution" feature and the implication of "adaptive efficiency" of institutional changes. 3)The new institutional economics is an effective tool to explain China's economic reform and rural land institutional change. In the meanwhile, because of the classical static feature of new institutional economics and the lack of state theory, there is still a lack of general explanation of all kinds of different institutional changes in the real world. Therefore, building a real dynamic institutional change theory beyond the "imposed-induced change" dichotomy is an important research direction in the future under the foundations of the integration among behavioral economics, mechanism design theory and evolution game theory.
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