Based on an input-output model, indirect and total energy consumptions in different sectors of the economy, and energy embodied in domestic and international trade of Beijing were analyzed. Natural resource exploitation and processing industries top the list of the direct, indirect and total energy intensities, including petroleum processing and coking industry, metal smelting and rolling processing industry, non-metallic mineral product industry etc.. These industries should be chosen as key sectors to promote energy saving. Although direct energy intensities are low in building industry, fabricated metal product industry, and equipment manufacturing industries, indrect and total energy intensities are high because they consume plenty of resource-intensive products as intermediate inputs. For these industries, the reduce and recycle of resource-intensive products as intermediate inputs should be reinforced through the development of circular economy. In 2007, the net import of energy embodied in domestic and international trade of Beijing exceeded 44.377 M tee. Beijing had significantly lowered its own energy and environmental pressure by importing products of resource exploitation and processing industries, and exporting services and equipment manufacture products. The net import of energy embodied in domestic trade accounted for 90.47% of total net import of embodied energy, and dominated the reduce of the energy and environmental pressures of Beijing. At the same time, the domestic source region of embodied energy, especially neighboring districts also faced much greater resourse and environmental pressure for the export of embodied energy. Thus, it is necessary to adjust the market structure and promote technology diffusion to enhance the share of internationally imported embodied energy and reduce the regional environmental pressure from socio-economic development of Beijing.%基于投入-产出模型,研究了北京市国民经济分行业能源的直接、间接和完全消耗特征,以及国内外贸易中隐含能的净输入、输出特征.结果表明,以石油加工和炼焦业、金属冶炼及压延加工业、非金属矿物制品业等行业为主的资源开采和加工型行业能源消耗总量、以及单位产出的直接、间接和完全能耗均较大,应该作为北京市第二产业中节能减排的重点行业.尽管建筑业、金属制品业以及各类设备、器材和机械制造业单位产出直接能耗小,但是生产过程中对各类中间投入的资源性产品消耗量大,使其单位产出间接和完全能耗较大,需要通过循环经济体系建设,加强对各类资源型中间投入产品的集约和循环利用.2007年北京市净输入隐含能超过4437.70万t标准煤,通过大量调入和进口资源开采和加工型行业产品,出口服务业和设备制造业产品,显著降低了自身的能源和环境压力.从隐含能输入来源看,国内贸易净输入隐含能占隐含能净输入总量的90.47％,远大于国际贸易,在减轻北京市能源和环境压力中发挥了更为重要的作用,但隐含能输入来源地区特别是周边省市同时也因此承受着更大的资源环境压力.有必要通过贸易结构调整、产业技术转移和扩散等,提高国际贸易隐含能净输入量所占份额,减小北京市社会经济发展所产生的区域性环境影响.
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