中国南部沿海近岸西加鱼毒素研究

摘要

为了查清我国南部沿海珊瑚礁鱼类体内的西加鱼毒素状况,首次在海南三亚、琼海、广西涠洲岛、珠海担杆列岛、广东徐闻县灯楼角和福建东山岛收集渔民从附近珊瑚礁海域捕捞的野生鱼类,采用酶联免疫法、小白鼠生物法和高效液相色谱质谱联用法进行毒素测定.结果表明,6个调查海区均检测出染毒鱼类,总阳性检出率达50％,其中福建东山岛(77.8％)＞广东徐闻县灯楼角(66.7％)＞广东珠海担杆列岛(55.6％)＞广西涠洲岛(37.5％)＞海南三亚(37.5％)＞海南琼海(16.7％),与海域环境质量可能存在一定的关联.鱼组织毒素含量为0～169ngP-CTX- 1/kg肉,8个样品(占总样17.4％)超过100ng P-CTX-1/kg肉,达到可致人中毒水平.染毒鱼种类繁多,主要包括蝴蝶鱼科(Chaetodontida)、鹦嘴鱼科(Scaridae)、鳂科(Holocentridae)、笛鲷科(Lutjanidae)和鮨科(Serranidae).酶联免疫法与小鼠生物法对鱼毒定性检测结果基本一致,但仅在福建东山岛2个鱼样中检测到P-CTX-1成分.染毒鱼类的毒素含量和鱼体重/体长没有相关性,也与其食性无关.%The Ciguatera toxins(CTXs) in coral fish along the southern coast of China were investigated for the first time through collecting wild coral fish samples in Sanya and Qionghai of Hainan, Weizhou Island of Guangxi, Zhuhai and Xuwen Dengloujiao of Guangdong and Dongshan Island of Fujian. By using three different analysis methods including Cigua-Check? Kit, Mouse Bioassay and HPLOMS/MS, toxic fishes existed in all six sampling areas, and the total detection rate was 50%. Respectively, the detection rate for Dongshan Island of Fujian (77.8%) > Xuwen Dengloujiao of Guangdong (66.7%) > Zhuhai Danganliedao of Guangdong (55.6%) > Weizhou Island of Guangxi (37.5%) > Sanya of Hainan (37.5%) > Qionghai of Hainan(16.7%). Toxin content offish varied in 0-169 ng P-CTX-1/kg flesh and generally showed relation to the water quality. There were eight samples, the ratio of 17.4% for total samples, exceeded 100 ng P-CTX-1/kg flesh that could poison human beings, and toxic species principally involved were Chaetodontidae, Scaridae, Holocentridae, Lutjanidae and Serranidae. Except on one sample from Zhuhai Danganliedao, Cigua-Check? Kit has the same result with Mouse Bioassay on toxin qualitative analysis, while the component of CTXs, P-CTX-1 was only found in two samples of Dongshan Island, Fujian by HPLC-MS/MS. Finally, there was no significant correlation between fish toxicity and the parameters of its weight, length and feeding habits.