3′UTR在基因表达调控中的作用

摘要

真核生物的基因表达调控在生物体生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用,涉及转录、翻译及mRNA和蛋白质的周转等多种生物学过程.研究表明,mRNA的3′端非翻译区(3′UTR)与转录后基因表达关系密切,3′UTR在mRNA稳定性、亚细胞定位及翻译等生物学过程中发挥着重要的调控作用.3′UTR序列的变异,可引起基因的异常表达,导致疾病发生.作者主要对3′UTR在基因表达调控、人类疫病和畜禽生产中的作用等研究进行了综述,以期为3′UTR调控机制在人类疫病诊断与治疗,以及畜禽生产中的应用提供理论依据.%In eukaryotes,the regulation of gene expression plays an important role in the growth and development of organisms which is a multistep process that involves the transcription,translation and turnover of messenger RNAs (mRNA) and proteins.Researches have showed that the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of mRNA is emerging as critically important in regulating gene expression at post transcriptional levels.mRNA stability,localization and translation are largely determined by sequences in the 3′UTR.The aberrant regulation of 3′UTR will result in aberrant levels of expressed protein, enhancing metabolic changes and leading to disease.The researches of 3′UTR in the regulation of gene expression,human diseases and animal production were summarized and discussed in this paper to provide the reference for applications of 3′UTR in human disease diagnosis and treatment and animal performance.