松香基季铵盐型杂双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

摘要

Four rosin-based quaternary ammonium heterogemini surfactants were synthesized from dehydroabietic acid via the reactions of amidation, reduction and quaternarization, which were named N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl- N-dehydroabietyl-1, 3-propylene diammonium bromide, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-N-dehydroabietyl-1,4-butane diammonium bromide, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-N-dehydroabietyl-1,5-pentane diammonium bromide, and N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-N-dehydroabietyl-1, 6-hexane diammonium bromide. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The surface activities, e. g. surface tension (γcmc ), critical micelle concentration ( Ccmc ) and Krafft points, ect. . Their antibacterial activities were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the Ccmc values of the heterogemini surfactants were 3. 32 × 10-5 , 2. 86 × 10-5 , 2. 54 × 10-5 , 2. 28 × 10-5 mol/L, and the γcmc values were 24. 7, 26. 5, 28. 9, 32. 3 mN/m, the Krafft points 12, 17, 20, 23 ℃, respectively. Separating 10 mL water from the turpentine/water emulsion spent 42, 45, 53 and 48 h, respectively. The initial foam heights were 137, 128, 131 and 135 mm, and after 5 minutes, the heights reached 125, 121, 127 and 131 mm, respectively. Through the test, the minimal inhibitory concentration on escherichia coil were 4,<2,<2 and 2 mg/L and the antibacterial activities were superior to the commercial bacteriostatic agent bromogeramine (64 mg/L).%以脱氢枞酸为原料,经酰胺化、还原、季铵化反应制备了N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-N-去氢枞基-N′-十二烷基-二溴化-1,3-丙二铵(V3)、 N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-N-去氢枞基-N′-十二烷基-二溴化-1,4-丁二铵(V4)、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-N-去氢枞基-N′-十二烷基-二溴化-1,5-戊二铵(V5)及N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-N-去氢枞基-N′-十二烷基-二溴化-1,6-己二铵(V6)等4种松香基季铵盐型杂双子表面活性剂。通过FT-IR及1H NMR表征了产物的结构,并对该系列表面活性剂的表面张力(γcmc)和临界胶束浓度(Ccmc)、Krafft点、乳化性能、泡沫性能等表面活性以及抑菌性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,该系列表面活性剂具有良好的表面性能及抑菌性能；Ccmc分别为3.32×10-5、2.86×10-5、2.54×10-5、2.28×10-5 mol/L；γcmc值分别为24.7、26.5、28.9、32.3 mN/m；Krafft点分别为12、17、20、23℃；松节油/水乳化体系中分出10 mL水的时间分别为42、45、53、48 h；初始起泡高度分别为137、128、131、135 mm,5 min后泡沫高度分别为125、121、127、131 mm；对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为4、<2、<2和2 mg/L,抑菌性均优越于市售抑菌剂新洁尔灭(64 mg/L)。