纤维素催化转化制备C5/C6烷烃燃料的反应与催化体系的研究进展

摘要

The reactions and catalytic systems for the production of C5/C6 alkanes from cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass were summarized.The reaction pathways mainly included one-pot conversion of cellulose to alkanes by hydrolysis-hydrodeoxygenation;and hydrocarbon fuels produced from C6 platform compounds by hydrodeoxygenation.The reaction pathways and catalysts of alkanes production from raw lignocelluloses, cellulose, glucose and sorbitol were summarized.And the reaction pathways mainly included sorbitol, isosorbide, HMF and caprolactone routes.The metal-acid multifunctional catalysts were widely used;acid catalysts included metal oxides, zeolites, heteropoly acids, ionic liquid acid and inorganic acid, etc., and the metal catalysts were mainly Pd, Pt, Ni, Ru, Ir, etc.The metal Ru was popularly studied due to its excellent catalytic performance under the acidic hydrothermal environment.Finally, for the state-of-the-art technologies in the conversion of biomass to C5/C6 alkanes, the main uncertainties, bottlenecks and research needs were concluded and prospected.%介绍了近年来纤维素催化转化制取C5/C6烷烃的反应和催化体系的研究进展,主要论述了纤维素通过水解-加氢脱氧的一锅法过程和纤维素经C6平台化合物的加氢脱氧过程,对天然木质纤维原料、纤维素、葡萄糖及山梨醇转化为烷烃的反应路径及相应的催化剂进行了总结.反应路径主要有山梨醇、异山梨醇、HMF和己内酯反应路径,催化剂主要为金属-酸多功能催化剂,酸催化剂包括金属氧化物、分子筛、杂多酸、离子液态酸性溶剂及无机酸等;金属催化剂主要有Pd、Pt、Ru、Ir、Ni等.其中金属Ru在酸性水热环境中具有良好的催化活性,研究最为广泛.通过分析各种反应途径及相应的催化剂,提出了该研究领域面临的主要问题,并从技术角度对未来应用前景进行了展望.