不同产地香茅挥发油的化学成分比较研究

摘要

The GC-MS technique was applied to analyze the volatile oil extracted by steam distillation from Cymbopogon citrates(DC.) Stapf that came from five different regions, and the chemical components of the volatile oil in different samples were compared.The results showed that in all five samples tested, the content of volatile oil in leaves was the highest, followed by the whole plant and then the stem.The types and contents of volatile components in C.citrates from different regions were different.The volatile oils in the whole plant from Hunan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hainan and Fujian were identified as 36, 30, 37, 22, 33 species components, respectively, and the volatile oils in the leaves were identified as 25, 24, 32, 27, 39 species components, respectively.The main constituents were identified as E-citral, Z-citral, β-myrcene and geraniol, etc.The volatile oil and whole plant has the highest amount of citral (about 70%-85%), with E-citral of 40.86%-51.15% and Z-citral of 31.01%-36.46%.The contents of β-myrcene and geraniol were 1.94%-15.43% and 1.61%-4.89%, respectively.The components of volatile oil in whole plant and leaves were mainly oxygenated monoterpenes (81.91%-93.04%) and with the characteristics of localization.%采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取香茅挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分别对5个不同产地香茅挥发油的化学组成进行了分析,并比较了不同部位之间挥发油化学成分的差异.结果表明:5个产地香茅均以叶的挥发油含量最高,其次为全草,茎的挥发油含量最低.不同产地香茅挥发油成分种类及其GC含量差异较大,湖南、广东、浙江、海南、福建香茅全草挥发油中分别鉴定出36、30、37、22和33种成分,叶挥发油分别鉴定出25、24、32、27和39种成分,主要成分均为(E)-柠檬醛、(Z)-柠檬醛、β-月桂烯、香叶醇等.5个产地香茅全草和叶挥发油中柠檬醛GC含量均最高,为70%~85%左右,其中(E)-柠檬醛为40.86%~51.15%,(Z)-柠檬醛为31.01%~36.46%;β-月桂烯GC含量为1.94%~15.43%,香叶醇GC含量为1.61%~4.89%.5个产地全草、叶挥发油中的成分主要为含氧单萜类(GC含量为81.91%~93.04%),含量具有地域性.