双马来酰亚胺树脂／SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及性能

摘要

Bismaleimides/SiO2 nanocomposites (BMI/SiO2 ) was prepared readily by in situ pol-ymerization method with nano-SiO2 with surface amino groups used as the filler .The charac-teristics of namocomposites were studied by TGA ,FT-IR ,Shore hardness tester (D) ,and so on .Furthermore ,the effects of nano-SiO2 on the thermal stability performance ,hardness of bismaleimides ,and interfacial strength between nano-SiO2 and bismaleimides were studied . The results showed that the hardness of as-prepared BMI/SiO2 nanocomposites were gradully improved with increasing the amount of nano-SiO2 ,increased by 80% in comparison with BMI imide polyester when the nano-SiO2 content was 3% .It indicated that nano-SiO2 significantly improved the hardness of bisimide .The thermal stability analysis showed that the thermal de-composition temperature of BMI was 458 ℃ ,however ,the addition of nano-SiO2 led to decrea-sing the decomposition temperature of BMI matrix . Thermal decomposition temperature reached to 451 ℃ when the amount of nano-SiO2 was added to 9% .This showed that thermal decomposition temperature of bismaleimide polyester gradually decreased with the addition of nano-SiO2 . Additionally ,BMI molecular chains anchored on the surface of nano-SiO2 by chemi-cally bonding action because the surface amino groups of nano-SiO2 particuted in the polymeri-zation process of BMI .It resulted in the improvement for the interfacial strength of nano-SiO2and BMI .%以表面含有胺基官能团的纳米 SiO2为填料，通过一步原位聚合法制备双马来酰亚胺树脂／SiO2纳米复合材料（BMI／SiO2）．采用热重分析仪（TGA）、红外光谱分析仪（FTIR）、邵氏 D 硬度计（H）等仪器设备对 BMI／SiO2纳米复合材料进行测试分析，探讨纳米 SiO2对双马来酰亚胺聚酯树脂的热稳定性能、硬度和界面强度的影响．结果表明，所制备的 BMI／SiO2纳米复合材料的硬度随加入的纳米 SiO2含量的增加，呈现逐渐升高趋势．当纳米 SiO2含量为3％时，相对于双马来酰亚胺聚酯，复合材料的硬度提高了80％．通过热稳定性分析可知，纳米SiO2的加入降低了双马来酰亚胺树脂基体材料的热分解温度，使其从458℃降低到451℃．通过对双马来酰亚胺／SiO2纳米复合材料的界面分析发现，纳米 SiO2的表面接枝了双马来酰亚胺分子链，说明纳米 SiO 2参与了双马来酰亚胺的聚合过程，有利于提高聚合物基体材料与填料间的界面强度，进而提高复合材料的机械性能．