Designing adjuvants that can induce strong cytotoxic T cell responses is largely required for preparing DNA vaccines. In this study we explored dual costimulatory molecules 4-1BBL and OX40L as adjuvants to improve the efficiency of the HIV multiple-epitope DNA vaccine. When explored in the human dendritic cell-T cell based coculture system,dual costimulatory molecules significantly enhanced the anti-HIV T cell response of the HIV mul-tiple-epitope DNA vaccine,as detected by intracellular cytokine staining to HIV antigens,cytokines accumulation in the cultures,and antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. These results suggest that dual costimulatory molecules 4-1BBL and OX40L can effectively increase the potential of the HIV multiple-epitope antigen DNA vaccine and may provide an exciting approach for HIV therapy.
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