硫掺杂炭材料的制备与应用

摘要

杂原子掺杂可以改变炭材料的表面化学结构，从而带来材料性能的变化。研究人员通过选择不同的碳源、开发新的制备技术等手段，相继制备了多种结构独特、性能优异的硫掺杂炭材料。本文基于硫掺杂炭材料国内外的最新研究进展，总结了以不同碳前体制备硫掺杂炭材料的研究工作，评述了不同前体及制备工艺对硫掺杂炭材料组成、结构的影响；并简要介绍了硫原子掺杂对炭材料在超级电容器、电催化等方面应用性能的影响。有关硫掺杂炭材料的研究还是一个全新的课题，尽管研究人员已经做了大量努力，但如何控制材料的结构仍然是一个具有挑战性的课题，利用富碳前体做原料来控制制备硫掺杂炭材料对于规模化应用更具实际意义。%Heteroatom doping of carbon materials can modify their surface properties and thus improve their performance. By changing the precursors and optimizing the process,we could prepare plenty of S-doped carbons materials with different structures and excellent performance. This review presents the latest advances on the synthesis of S-doped carbon materials from various precursors. Special emphasis is put on the influence of precursors and synthesis process on the form of intrinsically doped sulfur atoms and the structure of carbon materials. The effect of sulfur doping on the performance of carbon materials for supercapacitors and electrocatalyst are also discussed. The controllable synthesis of S-doped carbons still remains a challenge although various new synthetic strategies have been applied to the brand-new field. Preparing S-doped carbon from cost-effective and carbon-rich heavy organic matters and controlling the synthetic process might be important for its large-scale application.