微生物电合成是结合微生物学与电化学的新兴研究方向。电化学活性菌株以直接或间接的方式吸收人工提供的外源电子，打破胞内代谢原有的氧化还原平衡，定向催化底物合成还原性目的产物。近年来，基于生物基化学品的微生物电合成取得广泛关注。本文综述了生物基化学品微生物电合成的基本原理及最新研究进展，并讨论了电化学活性菌株的种类、电子传递机制以及典型的菌株培养方式，同时结合菌株代谢途径，讨论了微生物电合成促进乙酸、1,3-丙二醇、丁醇、琥珀酸等生物基化学品的作用机理及研究现状。最后指出了电子传递机制、电子传递效率及成本是限制该技术发展的关键问题及未来的发展趋势，旨在推动该技术应用于生物基化学品的发酵工业中。%Microbial electrosynthesisis is a new technology that combines microbiology and electrochemistry. The external electrons from an artificial power source are accepted by electroactive bacteria directly or indirectly,changing the intracellular redox balance,and promoting the formation of reductive products. Recently,microbial electrosynthesis based on bio-based chemicals has been attracting more and more attention. This review summarizes the basic principles and latest research progress in microbial electrosynthesis of bio-based chemicals. The electroactive bacterial selection, electron transfer mechanism,and typical cultivation methods are disclosed. Combined with microbial metabolism,the principle and research progress of microbial electrosynthesis on production of acetate, 1,3-propanediol,butanol,and succinate are also discussed. The electron transfer mechanism,efficiency, and costs are thought to be the key factors restraining the development of microbial electrosynthesis. Finally,future trends on application which would contribute to the development of microbial electrosynthesis and application in fermentation of bio-based chemicals are prospected in this paper.
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