氧化石墨烯分离膜的制备及其水处理领域的应用进展

摘要

氧化石墨烯优越的物理化学性能和膜技术的广泛应用使氧化石墨烯分离膜成为解决水环境污染和水资源短缺问题最具潜力的手段之一.本文简要介绍了氧化石墨烯分离膜的概念、分类和制备方法,在氧化石墨烯分离膜的制备方法中,表面改性的氧化石墨烯膜和氧化石墨烯杂化复合膜的相关研究报道比较多;梳理了最近几年氧化石墨烯分离膜在水处理领域的应用研究,主要包括重金属的去除、脱盐、抗菌、油水分离、染料脱色以及天然有机物的去除.详细介绍了氧化石墨烯分离膜的独特分离性能和分离机理,氧化石墨烯能够改善原有聚合物膜的某些性能,比如提高水通量、污染物截留率、膜的机械强度和抗污染性等,分离机理主要为尺寸筛分机制和电荷效应.最后,展望了氧化石墨烯分离膜在水处理领域未来的发展和面临的挑战.%Due to the outstanding properties of graphene oxide(GO)and the wide applicability of the membrane technology,GO-based membranes have become one of the most promising tools for solving the pressing global environmental challenges,such as water pollution and fresh water scarcity. This review introduced the concept,classification and fabrication of GO-based membranes,especially for the widely studied casted GO-incorporated membranes and GO-surface modified membranes. The latest groundbreaking advances of GO-based membranes in environmental fields were presented, including removal of heavy metal ions,desalination,reducing microbial relevant fouling,oil/water separation,removal of color and natural organic matter. Special attention was given to separation performance and mechanism of GO-based membranes (size exclusion and electrostatic repulsion). The combination of GO and polymers membrane is beneficial for the improvement of membrane properties such as water flux,rejection rate,mechanical and antifouling. At the end,the challenges and future prospective of GO-based membranes in water treatment and purification were discussed.