中俄外压容器计算方法对比分析

摘要

China pressure vessel Code GB150.1 to150.4-2001 adopts graph calculation method for the design of external pressure vessels while Russia pressure vessel code ГOCTP 52857.2-2007 adopts formula method. The graph calculation method is complicated and requires the designer to preset the wall thickness of cylindrical shells on the basis of the experience and repeat the calculation many times to verify the preset thickness is correct. The formula method uses design external pressure to work out directly the required minimum wall thickness. It is simpler and more convenient than the graph calculation method. The two methods have been compared, and verified with nonlinear buckling finite-element analysis method. The result revealed the formula calculation method is feasible and can be used as reference for China pressure vessel designers.%我国压力容器标准GB 150.1~150.4-2011中关于外压容器的设计采用的是图算法，而俄罗斯标准ГОСТР52857.2-2007中对外压容器设计采用了公式法。图算法比较复杂且需要设计者根据经验预先设定圆筒壁厚，还要经过反复计算来验证设定的壁厚是否满足要求。而公式法可以根据设计外压来直接计算出所需的最小壁厚，相比图算法更加简单、直观。通过对两种方法的对比分析，以及用非线性屈曲有限元技术的验证，证明俄罗斯国家标准中的公式法求解是可行的，可作为我国压力容器设计人员的设计参考。