麻疯树和枫杨幼苗对5种模拟喀斯特逆境的光合生理响应

摘要

通过测定麻疯树和枫杨幼苗在5种模拟喀斯特逆境下的光合以及δ13C值的变化,分析其光合响应特征.结果表明,第15天,麻疯树幼苗在偏碱性、干旱、低磷、高重碳酸盐和低营养下的净光合速率(Pn)分别为4.39、0.27、2.58、3.08和6.26 μmol·m-2·s-1,第25天则分别变为4.09、0.66、4.57、3.83和4.04μmol·m-2·s-1;枫杨幼苗的Pn和水分利用效率均低于麻疯树,枫杨幼苗在第25天的Pn有所升高.干旱下枫杨幼苗的初始荧光(Fo)显著升高,光系统Ⅱ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)显著下降,与麻疯树幼苗相比,其光合结构受到更为严重的损害.第25天各逆境下麻疯树幼苗的δ13C值与对照相比显得更为偏正,其对胞内HCO3-的利用能力较强.因此,在山坡缺水环境适宜种植麻疯树,而在沿溪涧河滩阴湿环境则适宜种植枫杨.%The karst ecosystem is vulnerable and rocky desertification in karst regions develops rapidly.The situation of karst ecosystem becomes increasingly severe.In order to quickly build a stable forest ecosystem,it is better to select the appropriate plant species to carry out revegetation.Research on photosynthetic response traits can help to quickly identify plant adaptability to karst environment.In this study,5 different karst adversities including high pH,high bicarbonate,drought,low phosphorus (P) and low nutrient were simulated,and Hoagland solution was taken as control.Jatropha carcas and Pterocarya stenoptera seedlings were cultivated with these treatment solutions synchronously.Photosynthetic response traits of these two plant species to 5 different simulated adversities were analyzed through determining the photosynthetic characteristics and variation of stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13 C).On the 15th day,the net photosynthetic rates (Pn) of J.carcas seedlings under alkalescent,drought,low P,high bicarbonate and low nutrient were 4.39,0.27,2.58,3.08,6.26 μtmol · m-2 · s-1,respectively.On the 25th day,the values became 4.09,0.66,4.57,3.83,4.04 μtmol · m-2 · s-1,respectively.Pn and water use efficiency (WUE) of P.stenoptera seedlings were all lower than J.carcas seedlings.Pn of P.stenoptera seedlings under alkalescent,low P,high bicarbonate and low nutrient excepted for drought condition all increased on the 25th day compared to the values on the 15th day.On 25 days from the onset of adversity treatment,WUE of J.carcas seedlings under drought stress increased significantly,and was higher than the value under other adversities.However,WUE of P.stenoptera seedlings under drought stress remained the lowest compared to the values of WUE under other adversities.Initial fluorescence (Fo) and primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) values in J.carcas seedlings were independent of adversities,there was no significant change.But the value of Fo of P.stenoptera seedlings under drought stress increased significantly and Fv/Fm value decreased significantly,photosynthetic apparatus of P.stenoptera seedlings suffered more serious damage under drought stress than J.carcass seedlings.On the 25th day,δ13C values of J.carcas seedlings under those adversities were more positive compared to that under control,the intracellular bicarbonate use capacity of J.carcas seedlings was higher than P.stenoptera seedlings.The utilization of two different inorganic carbon resources in J.carcas seedlings enhanced its photosynthetic carbon fixation efficiency and growth potential,improved the adaptability of J.carcas seedlings to adversities.Meanwhile,higher WUE under drought stress conditions helped improve the inorganic carbon capture efficiency of J.carcas seedlings.And the damage of drought stress on photosynthetic apparatus of these two plant species was irreversible,but J.carcas seedlings exhibited better photosynthetic capacity under drought stress conditions compared to P.stenoptera seedlings.Therefore,in the water deficit hillside environments,it is better to plant J.carcas,whereas along the river streams dank environments,it is better to plant P.stenoptera.