分子标记技术及其在大麦遗传育种中的应用

摘要

大麦是世界上栽培最古老的粮食作物之一，也是十分重要的饲料和酿酒原料。分子标记技术不受环境和季节限制，具有多态性高、信息量大、稳定性好等优势，已被广泛应用于大麦遗传育种。本文综述了分子标记主要类型、基本原理及优缺点，并介绍了近年来分子标记技术在大麦分子遗传图谱的构建、遗传多样性研究、种质资源鉴定、目标基因定位、起源与进化关系、分子标记辅助选择研究等方面的应用。%Barley is one of the most ancient crops cultivated in the world and also a very important feed grain and industrial material for beer brewing.In recent years,molecular marker technologies that can provide accurate and reliable DNA genetic markers have been widely applied to barley breeding and genetic studies.This review describes molecular markers in terms of their general characteristics, rationales,advantages,and disadvantages.This paper also illustrates the molecular marker technologies that have been applied to bar-ley genetics and breeding research in recent years,particularly in barley genetic diversity,gene mapping,construction of genetic map, varietal identification,purity assessment,and marker-assisted selection.