新烟碱类杀虫剂呋虫胺对意大利蜜蜂的安全性评价

摘要

呋虫胺作为新一代烟碱类农药,究竟会给蜜蜂造成何种影响尚不清楚.本研究选取意大利蜜蜂为研究对象,分别测定呋虫胺对蜜蜂的急性毒性、慢性毒性以及幼虫发育毒性,并通过其危害商值(hazard quotient,HQ)初步评价呋虫胺对蜜蜂的生态风险,综合评价呋虫胺对蜜蜂的安全性.结果表明,急性经口毒性48 h半数致死剂量(48 h-LD50)为0.033μg·蜂-1,对蜜蜂高毒;慢性毒性10 d半数致死剂量(10 d-LDD50)为0.010μg·蜂-1,慢性毒作用带比值为3.5,存在慢性中毒的风险;幼虫7 d半数致死剂量为577 ng·幼虫-1,高剂量呋虫胺对蜜蜂幼虫存活率、化蛹率和羽化率均存在影响,处理剂量越高,存活率、化蛹率和羽化率越低,呈高度负相关(r=-0.98,-0.89,-0.80).风险评价结果表明,呋虫胺对蜜蜂为中等风险到高风险.研究可为呋虫胺的合理使用提供科学参考.%As a novel neonicotinoid pesticide, what effect dinotefuran plays on bee remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine both acute and chronic oral toxicity, larvae toxicity of dinotefuran to Italian honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Risk assessment of this pesticide was also performed based on hazard quotients (HQ). Results showed that the LD50 values obtained after 48 h (acute oral toxicity) and 10 d (chronic oral toxicity) of dinotefuran exposure were 0.033 μg·bee-1 and 0.010 μg·bee-1, respectively. The chronic toxic effect zone was 3.5, suggesting a risk of chronic poisoning. The LD50 value against larvae obtained after 7 d dinotefuran exposure was 577 ng·lar-vae-1 . Moreover, the survival rate, pupation rate and emergence rate were negatively correlated to the doses of di-notefuran (r= -0.98, -0.89 and -0.80 respectively). According to the HQ value, dinotefuran has medium to high risk to honeybees. The results indicated that the application of dinotefuran to control pest in field should be careful-ly considered since it may have potential environmental safety problems.