全球化背景下滇南山地多民族农业文化景观的演变及其民族共生关系响应--以西双版纳傣族自治州为例

摘要

The changing of agricultural culture landscapes in ethnic regions of southern Yunnan had triggered indeed analysis. This paper researched the spatial pattern and process of rubber culture landscapes and its influ-ences on ethnic groups symbiosis relationship, via selecting Xishuangbana as a big research area and Jinuo Moun-tain area as a research site for doing fieldwork. The research methods included RS, GIS and field work. The re-search indicated that rice culture was weakening and rubbers cultural landscapes was rising in Xishuangbana be-cause rubbers planting areas were enlarging sharply and land use patterns were changing, which were the main spa-tial mechanism of rising of rubber culture landscape. The conclusions are that rubbers culture can increase local farmer’ s incomes as well as bring about the negative influence, including destroy for ecological diversity, the rising risk for ethnic development, the reducing complementarity for ethnic development, the break for symbiosis relation of ethnic economy, the shocks for the ethnic rural society structures and ethnic emotions and identity abdicating to economic benefits.The significance of research lies on that this paper can enrich man-nature relationship theory, in-troduces the factors of ethnic group and culture to analysis man-nature relationship in ethnic regions, enlarges the research contents of ethnic geography under the influences of globalization change in theory, meanwhile creates new ideas for ethnic works and harmonious ethnic relationship in practice via studying the relevance between changing of culture landscapes and ethnic relationship.%山地多民族地区农业文化景观的演变与当地地理空间的复杂性和民族文化的多样性特征密切相关。运用遥感、GIS技术，并结合田野调查，点面结合，分析了西双版纳傣族自治州橡胶文化景观的空间格局及其对民族关系的影响。研究表明：受全球化的影响，西双版纳地区传统稻作文化正逐渐式微，因经济利益驱使导致橡胶种植面积急剧扩大，土地利用方式改变，这是橡胶文化景观兴起的主要空间演化机制。橡胶文化在给当地少数民族带来丰厚经济收入和促进现代化发展的同时，也造成了生态多样性的破坏，民族特色经济、文化的损害，民族发展互补性的减少以及民族经济共生关系的打破。民族感情和民族认同让位于经济利益，民族乡土社会结构受到冲击，民族共生关系受到影响，这些都集中体现在橡胶文化景观上。通过研究文化景观演变与民族关系的关联，可以丰富人地关系理论的内涵，引入民族因素和文化因素来思考民族地区人地关系，扩展当今全球化变革影响下民族地理学研究的内容，同时也在实践上为做好民族工作和构建新型和谐民族关系提供新的思路。