Typical existing methods of tunnel geological prediction include negative apparent velocity, horizontal seismic profile, and the Tunnel Seismic Prediction (TSP) method as this technology is under development at home and abroad. Considering simpler observational methods and data processing, it is hard to accurately determine the seismic velocity of the wall rock in the front of the tunnel face. Therefore, applying these defective methods may result in inaccurate geological inferences which will not provide sufficient evidence for classifying the wall rock characteristics. This paper proposes the Tunnel Seismic Tomography (TST) method using a spatial observation arrangement and migration and travel time inversion image processing to solve the problem of analyzing the velocity structure of wall rock in the front of the tunnel face and realize accurate imaging of the geological framework of the tunnel wall rock. This method is very appropriate for geological prediction under complex geological conditions.%国内外的隧道地质超前预报技术正在发展之中,目前应用的负视速度法,水平剖面法,TSP技术等,由于观测方式和资料处理方法比较简单,不能准确确定掌子面前方围岩的波速,从而致使地质界面定位不准确,围岩工程类别划分缺乏依据,亟待改进.本文提出的TST技术采用空间观测方式,资料处理方法采用偏移成像和走时反演成像,解决了掌子面前方围岩速度结构的分析问题,实现了隧道围岩地质结构的精确成像,适合复杂地质条件下的地质超前预报应用.
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