不同灌水技术要素对地表滴灌交汇入渗特性的影响

摘要

A field drip irrigation interference infiltration was conducted in hillside drip irrigation jujube field in Mizhi County to study the effect of different irrigation techniques including different drip discharge, drippers spacing and irrigation water volume on the characteristic of surface drip irrigation and the shape of wetted body. The results show that wetted body horizontal diffusion radius and infiltration depth increase with the drip flow increasing. And they both have remarkable relational expression of power function with infiltration time. Under the condition of point source drip irrigation, drip discharge, drippers spacing and irrigation water volume all have influence on the wetted body size and shape.In the same position of a dripper's two sides, when infiltration time at 120 rains, the two parts differ to 2.8 cm and at the end of the irrigation the phase difference between the two parts reach 3.5 cm. Under the condition of different drip discharge with every two drippers have the same space, the time of interference infiltration resulted by the low flow rate delayed and formed a more flat shape of wetted body, while increasing irrigation water discharge rate or narrow drippers'spacing can effectively improve the uniformity of wetted body.%在米脂山地微灌枣树示范基地进行大田滴灌交汇入渗试验,研究了不同滴头流量、不同间距、灌溉水量等不同灌水技术要素对地表滴灌交汇入渗特性及其湿润体形状的影响.结果表明:湿润体的水平扩散半径、向下入渗深度均随流量的增大而增大,且均与入渗时间有显著的幂函数关系;点源滴灌条件下,滴头流量、灌水量、滴头间距对土壤湿润体大小和形状都有影响.在滴头两侧距离滴头距离相同的位置,当入渗时间为120 min时,二者相差2.8 cm,到灌水结束时两者相差达到3.5 cm.滴头间距相同、滴头流量不同的情况下,滴头流量小的交汇时间滞后、所形成的湿润体形状显得更加扁平,增大滴头流量、灌水量或缩小滴头间距均能有效改善土壤湿润体的均匀性.