采用数据包络分析(DEA)模型,以单位面积的人工成本、籽种、肥料为投入指标,以单位面积的最终产品总收益、中间产品为产出指标,对甘肃省庄浪县农业种植业中12类作物的经济有效性和规模效益进行了分析,以期为合理配置生产要素,提高耕地利用效率提供依据.结果表明:(1)小麦、玉米、荞麦、党参、板蓝根为DEA有效作物,这些作物目前的投入指标之间的综合配置和规模效益达到了最优;同时,生产要素不存在投入冗余,处于规模收益不变阶段,已经不可能通过追加投入来获取产出/投入比的提高.(2)马铃薯、谷子、蚕豆、胡麻、油菜、黄芪、柴胡为非DEA有效作物,投入配置没有达到最优,规模效益没有达到最佳,处于规模收益递增阶段,可以通过增加投入或者调整投入配置来提高技术效率和改善规模效益.(3)对于DEA非有效的马铃薯、谷子、蚕豆、胡麻、油菜、黄芪、柴胡7种作物,在投入类型中,不需要新增肥料的投入,仅进行人工、籽种的投入,就可以使得这些作物的技术有效性和规模有效性同时达到最优,即达到DEA有效.%The aim of this study is to provide a new mean for improving the allocation of agriculturally productive elements and the use efficiency of the cultivated land. The economic effectiveness and scale benefits of twelve crops were analyzed based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in Zhuanglang county of Gansu Province,taking the labor cost,seed and fertilizer of unit area as input index,the total benefit of final product and intermediate products of unit area as output index. The results showed as follow: ( 1 ) Wheat,Corn,Buckwheat and lanceolata were DEA efficient crops . The current allocation of input elements and scale benefit of these crops had reached optional point. At the same time,there was no redundancy elements existed. It was impossible to increase the rate of output/input by additional investment. (2) Potatoes,Millet,Soybean,Linseed,Rape,Astragalus and Bupleurum were non - DEA efficient crops. Namely,the allocation of input elements and scale benefit of these crops did not reach optimal allocation. Their scale benefits located at the increasing stage. It is possible to improve the technical efficiency and the scale benefits of these crops by adding more inputs or adjusting input allocation. (3) Increasing input of labors and seed could make non - DEA efficient crops such as Potatoes,Millet,Soybean,Linseed,Rape,Astragalus and Bupleurum turn to DEA effective ones.
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