以陶瓷隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为研究对象,揭示了高效隔热材料结构与性能的关系.研究结果表明:随着密度的增加,隔热材料室温热导率和力学性能随之增加；陶瓷隔热瓦平面方向和厚度方向的结构和性能存在明显差异；复合纳米结构后,材料的隔热性能明显提高；室温热导率从43 mW/(m·K)降低至36 mW/(m·K)；添加少量功能添加物后,材料的高温隔热性能进一步提高,高温考核中背面温度从668℃降低到576℃.同时介电常数从2.2％增加到6.6％；通过气相超临界工艺在材料表面接枝有机基团,材料表面疏水状态发生显著变化,材料具备了防水和低吸潮的特性.%The relationship between microstructure and properties of insulating materials was investigated.The results indicate that the thermal conductivity and mechanical property of insulating materials increases with the increase of density.Microstructure and properties between in-plane and transverse orientation of rigid tile is different.Insulation property of rigid tile is better after compositing process,thermal conductivity reduces from 43 mW/ (m· K)to 36 mW/ (m· K).After adding functional agent,insulation property at high temperature is better,backside temperature of sample reduces from 668℃ to 576℃.But dielectric constants increases by 2％ to 6.6％.Waterproofing and low moisture absorption insulating materials is gained after special process.
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