分析临近空间浮空器热特性的影响因素,并建立临近空间浮空器热特性的数学模型,采用Fortran语言编写程序,对蒙皮材料热辐射特性对浮空器热特性的影响进行了研究.结果表明,选用短波吸收率较低且长波辐射发射率较高的蒙皮材料时,氦气平均温度的昼夜差值较低,浮空器热性能越好.夜晚蒙皮温差随长波辐射发射率的增加而增加;而白天随短波辐射吸收率的增加而增加,在长波辐射发射率较大时,其对蒙皮温差的影响不大,然而长波辐射发射率比较小时,蒙皮温差会非常大,蒙皮温差的峰值出现于黎明和黄昏时段这两个时段.%In this paper a thermal model for stratospheric aerostats is established,with the analysis of the factors impacting on the characteristics of near space aerostats. Based on which,a program is developed with Fortran language,and the impact of the skin material radiation propreties on the thermal characteris-tics is investigated. The results show that the lower is the short-wave absorptivity of skin material,the bet-ter of the thermal performance of stratospheric aerostats. Nevertheless the effect of long-wave radiation emissivity is adverse. The skin temperature difference increases with the long-wave radiation emissivity at night and the short-wave radiation absorptivity in the daytime. Moreover,during the day if the long-wave radiation emissivity is high,the skin temperature difference is steady;however when the long-wave radia-tion emissivity is too small,skin temperature difference will become very high. Additionally,there are two maximum values of the skin temperature difference,respectively at dawn and dusk time.
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