利用红外相机对湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性的初步调查

摘要

From August 2012 to August 2015,20 infrared camera-traps were installed in a monitoring grid to investigate terrestrial fauna and avifauna population in the Hupingshan National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province,China.Based on 19 592 camera-days in the field,we identified 21 mammal species belonging to 4 orders and 11 families and 33 bird species belonging to 4 orders and 8 families.Among these,forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) was listed as Category Ⅰ state key protected wild animals and eight species as Category Ⅱ.Red-hipped squirrel (Dremomys pyrrhomerus) was recorded for the first time in the reserve.Carnivora had the highest species richness among mammals (9 species),followed by Artiodactyla (6 species) and Rodentia (5 species).Tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus),wild boar (Sus scrofa),redhipped squirrel,Reeve's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and Hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) ranked as the five most abundant mammal species according to a relative abundance index.Passeriformes had the highest species richness in bird (25 species),followed by Galliformes (5 species) and Piciformes (2 species).Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus),Temminck's tragopan (Tragopan temminckii) and spotted laughingthrush (Garrulax ocellatus) rank as the three most abundant bird species.In addition,we also analyzed daily and annual activity patterns of the six common species such as golden pheasant,Temminck's tragopan,red-hipped squirrel,tufted deer,wild boar and Reeve's muntjac.Our results provide basic information for long-term monitoring of the diversity and density of terrestrial fauna and avifauna inhabiting the Hupingshan region.%2012年8月至2015年8月,在壶瓶山国家级自然保护区布设20个红外相机监测公里网格,对保护区的兽类和鸟类多样性进行了初步调查.经过19 592个有效相机工作日的调查,共记录到兽类4目11科21种和鸟类4目8科33种,其中有国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物1种(林麝Moschus berezovskii)、国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物8种和保护区新纪录兽类1种(红腿长吻松鼠Dremomys pyrrhomerus).兽类以食肉目种类最多(9种),其次为偶蹄目(6种)和啮齿目(5种).毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、红腿长吻松鼠、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)和猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)的相对丰富度居于兽类的前五位.鸟类以雀形目的种类最多(25种),其次是鸡形目(5种)和髯形目(2种).红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)和眼纹噪鹛(Garrulax ocellatus)的相对丰富度指数居于鸟类的前三位.此外,本文对红腹锦鸡、红腹角雉、红腿长吻松鼠、毛冠鹿、野猪和小麂等常见物种的日活动节律和年活动节律进行了初步分析.本次调查初步了解了保护区内地栖大中型兽类和鸟类的本底信息,为保护区今后开展野生动物长期监测提供了重要依据.