“沙漠人参”肉苁蓉和锁阳研究进展

摘要

肉苁蓉和锁阳是分布于我国荒漠地区的2种营寄生高等沙生植物,作为名贵的补益药物被广泛应用于中药复方中,目前又发现其新的药理作用并分离出相应的药效成分.肉苁蓉和锁阳的开发利用已初步实现了产业化,系列产品涵盖药物、保健食品和食品添加剂.但因人们的乱挖滥采加之生态环境的恶化,野生肉苁蓉和锁阳现已成为世界濒危保护植物.目前,肉苁蓉和锁阳的人工接种法繁育初获成功,其与寄主之间的相互关系也进一步明晰,从而为这2种资源植物的保护以及可持续利用带来了契机.就近年来对肉苁蓉和锁阳形态特征、生境分布、经济价值、开发利用、人工繁育及其对寄主植物生长发育影响等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并就其今后的主要研究方向进行了分析与展望.%Cistanche deserticola and Cynomeorium songaricum are parasitic higher-plants distributed in desert regions of China.They are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as famous tonics.Currently,their new pharmacological roles have been developed and corresponding pharmacological components isolated.Exploitation of C.deserticola and C.songaricum requires preliminary industrialization and their products include drug,health foods and food additives.However,wild C.deserticola and C.songaricum have been classed as world endangered species because of frequent human activity and deteriorating environmental conditions in native regions* At present,artificial inoculation methods of C.deserticola and C songaricum breeding have achieved preliminary success and interrelations between them and their hosts are clearer thus bringing an opportunity for the conservation and sustainable utilization of C.deserticola and C.songaricum.In this review,recent advances on their morphological characteristics,habitat and distribution,economic value,exploitation and utilization,and artificial breeding as well as effects on host plant growth are summarized.The future directions in this field are also discussed.