一级相变时的红外特征辐射-熔融结晶和蒸气冷凝或沉淀

摘要

本文报道了一种新的物理现象—–一级相变时(熔融结晶，蒸气冷凝或沉淀)的红外特征辐射。实验结果根据相应的理论模型来进行分析。此理论模型是基于一个论断，那就是粒子(原子，分子，团簇)从高能级亚稳态(气态或液态)向低能级稳态(液态或结晶态)相变时释放出一个或多个光子。这些光子的能量取决于相变潜热和新相粒子的结合特性。对所有研究过的物质来说，这种能量集中在红外区。这就是为什么这种辐射被称作红外特征辐射。在雾和云的形成过程中，水发生了结晶、冷凝、升华，从而产生了大量红外辐射留在了大气中。因而，该研究的结果必然对大气现象有很重要的影响：它是地球冷却的因素之一；冰雹云的形成伴随着强烈的红外辐射，这种辐射可用来表征高能相转化为低能相的过程，可以作为一种气象预警。红外特征辐射似乎可以用来解释木星的呈红色现象。它可以用于大气储能，就此，继风能、水能、太阳能、地热能后，红外特征辐射成为生态学上第五种纯净的能源。%We have studied the specimens made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by a gene and encoded in the genetic code. This can happen either before the protein is used in the cell, or as part of control mechanism. This paper considers a new physical phenomenon-infrared characteristic radiation (IRCR) at first order phase transitions (melt crystallization, and vapor condensation and/or deposition). Experimental results are analyzed in terms of their correspondence to the theoretical model. This model is based on the assertion that the particle’s (atom’s, molecule’s, or cluster’s) transition from a higher energetic level in a metastable or unstable phase (vapor or liquid) to a lower level in a stable phase (liquid or crystal) can emit one or more photons. The energy of these photons depends on the latent energy of the phase transition and the character of bonds formed by the particles in the new phase. For all investigated substances, this energy falls in the infrared range. This is a reason why the radiation is named as IRCR–infrared characteristic radiation. Many sources of the infrared radiation recorded in the atmosphere seem to be a result of crystallization, condensation and/or sublimation of water during fog and cloud formation. Thus, the effect under investigation must play a very important role in atmospheric phenomena:it is one of the sources of Earth’s cooling;formation of hailstorm clouds is accompanied by intensive characteristic infrared radiation that could be used for process characterization and meteorological warnings. IRCR seems to explain red color of Jupiter. It can be used for atmospheric energy accumulation, and, thus, together with wind, falling water, solar and geothermal energies, IRCR makes available the fifth source of ecologically pure energy.