用于气象观测的阵列式温度传感器流体动力学分析与实验研究∗

摘要

Until now, the air temperature sensors inside thermometer screens and radiation shields are affected by solar radiation, which causes the measuring result to become greater than the actual temperature. The temperature rise can reach 0.8 K or even higher. In this paper, a temperature sensor array design is established for obtaining high precision measurement results. The temperature sensor array consists of an array of radiation shields which features a tube-shape, a platinum resistance sensor array, an aluminum plate with a silver mirror surface and a temperature measurement module that includes a high accuracy thermometer circuit. There is always at least one radiation shield that supplies relatively good ventilation under any airflow direction. A computational fluid dynamic method is implemented to analyze and calculate the temperature rise induced by radiation under various environmental conditions. A correction equation of the temperature rise is obtained by surface fitting using a genetic algorithm. The measurement accuracy can be further improved by this correction equation. In order to verify the performance of the sensor array, a forced ventilation temperature measurement platform is constructed, which consists of a platinum resistance sensor, an L-shaped radiation shield and an air pump. The airflow rate inside the radiation shield can be up to 20 m/s, and the L-shaped radiation shield can horizontally rotate under the control of a software to minimize the error caused by the heated radiation shield. The temperature sensor array, a temperature sensor with traditional radiation shield, and the forced ventilation temperature measurement platform are characterized in the same environment. To experimentally verify the computational fluid dynamic method and the genetic algorithm, a number of contrast tests are performed. The average temperature rise of sensors equipped with the traditional radiation shields is 0.409 K. In contrast, the temperature rise of the sensor array is as low as 0.027 K. This temperature sensor array allows the error caused by solar radiation to be reduced by a percentage of approximately 93%. The temperature rise of temperature sensor array, caused by the angular variation of airflow direction is on the order of several mK. When the solar radiation intensity and the airflow rate are 1000 W/m2 and 0.1 m/s, respectively, the temperature rise is 0.097 K. The temperature rise is 0.05 K, when the airflow rate is greater than 0.4 m/s. The temperature rise can be reduced to 0.01 K, when the airflow rate is greater than 2 m/s. The average offset and root mean square error between the correction equation and experimental results are 0.0174 K and 0.0215 K, respectively, which demonstrates the accuracy of the computational fluid dynamic method and genetic algorithm proposed in this research. The temperature measurement accuracy has the potential to be further improved by utilizing the computational fluid dynamics method and the genetic algorithm.