State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine;
Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences;
University of Macao;
Macao 999078;
China;
Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology;
Department of Pharmacology;
School of Pharmacy;
Southwest Medical University;
Luzhou 646000;
China;
Department of Gastroenterology;
Xiyuan Hospital;
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;
Beijing 100091;
China;
Receptor-mediated target; Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s disease; Ulcerative colitis; Drug delivery; Cell adhesion molecule; Active target; Targeted therapy;