意大利撒丁岛中部Lasasai-Bonucoro地区的废弃露天滑石-绿泥石-长石采矿场的水资源及其修复模式

摘要

In the district of Orani, central Sardinia, several talc-chlorite-feldspar bodies, hosted in Palaeozoic metamorphic rocks and granites, have long been mined by open- pit operations. The mining activity has deeply modified the original landscape of the Lasasai-Bonucoro area. Thus the rearrangement of this area, in particular of the open-pit works that are now occupied by newly formed pools, filled with water from aquifers flowing along faults crossed by mining operations, should be considered as an overall project of landscape restoration. In the first phase of this work, the environmental and hydrogeological characterisation and the general definition of different zones characterised by different sets of intervention operations has already been made. The following step will include the detailed definition of the different technological interventions to be performed. In order to attain a rehabilitation of this area, first of all the interventions will include: 1) smoothing and re-modelling of local morphology in its still rough sites, namely a few points of the mine benches and dumps, by removing the volumes in excess and settling them again in the hollows, on the base of the indications obtained from opportunely plotted sections; 2) restoration of the removed soil covers, and rehabilitation of the newly formed surfaces after waste disposal, trough re-vegetation techniques including settlement of vegetal soil and nutrients, herbaceous essence hydrosowing, temporary automatic sprinkling; 3) rehabilitation of the corrected slopes, and in general of the remaining poorly vegetated surfaces, trough the above re-vegetation techniques.The above operations will result in a slightly modified plane-altimetrical and landscape arrangement. However these interventions will be sufficient to reach a new environmental qualification, characterised by several opportunities of exploitation. Particular conditions, such as the constant outflow of good-quality water and the amenity of the surrounding countryside, are favourable to an easy accomplishment of the above suggestions and perhaps of other ones. Thus the possible utilisation of the resources of Lasasai-Bonucoro at least includes the following opportunities, which do not exclude each other: 1) solace locality; 2) mineral water bottling. In this way,the environmental recovery of Lasasai-Bonucoro will lead to new social-economic, cultural, recreational, and touristy opportunities.%在撒丁岛中部Orani地区,一些赋存在古生代变质岩和花岗岩中的滑石-绿泥石-长石矿体一直处于露天开采状态.采矿活动严重破坏了Lasasai-Bonucoro地区的原始景观.露天开矿形成了一些水坑,里面填满了来自含水层的沿断裂渗出水,因此对该地区的重整应被视作是对自然景观的全面修复工程.在本次工作的第一阶段,作者描述了环境和水文地质学特征,以及根据不同整治措施对不同地域进行了划分.随后的工作包括详细地解释不同的整治技术措施.为了使该地区复原,首要措施包括:1)对一些地形崎岖的地点进行平整改造和重新规划.也就是根据前期规划合适的地点,将矿石开采和堆存地中过多的废石搬走并回填到山谷中.2)修复被挪走的土壤植被,并且在完成污水处理之后,通过植被重植的方法(包括:移植土壤和养分、水流播种草本植物,阶段性机械洒水)对新形成的地表进行改造.3)并通过以上重植技术,修复恰当的斜坡以及总体缺乏植被的地表.以上措施会引起地表高度和地形的微小变化.可是这些措施足以形成一个新的环境条件,可进行新的开采.特定情况下,例如在有恒定的高品质水流,并且环境宜人的乡村,以上建议很容易实施.因而,Lasasai-Boalitynucoro地区的资源的可利用性至少包括以下互不相斥的两个方面:1)休闲胜地,2)矿泉水生产基地.通过以上方法,Lasasai-Bonucoro地区的环境修复将会产生新的经济、文化、娱乐和观光价值.