海洋环境中的厌氧氨氧化细菌与厌氧氨氧化作用

摘要

厌氧氨氧化是细菌在厌氧条件下将氨氮氧化成氮气的过程,主要应用在污水处理反应器中,最近几年发现在海洋环境中也广泛存在,并在海洋氮循环过程中发挥了重要作用,代表了海洋中一个巨大的氮汇,对碳循环和全球气候变化也有重要影响.梯烷膜脂结构独特,是厌氧氨氧化细菌的化学生物标志物,具有化学分类与古海洋学应用潜力.厌氧氨氧化作用及厌氧氨氧化细菌已成为海洋生物地球化学、微生物学、有机地球化学等研究领域的热点.%Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is the process of microbiological conversion of ammonium to dinitrogen gas and is mainly employed in waste water engineers. In recent years, it was found that anammox was widely distributed in the marine environments and played an important role in marine nitrogen cycle, and influenced the carbon cycle and global climate change. It has been recognized as a major pathway for the removal of fixed N from the marine ecosystem. Ladderane lipids are unique chemical bio-markers of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, and have potential implication for chemotaxonomy and paleooceangraphy. Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonium oxidation have become hot-spot research fields in the marine biogeochemistry, microbiology and organic geochemistry.