广西白龙半岛邻近海域污损生物群落结构分析

摘要

2011年12月－2012年11月，在广西白龙半岛邻近海域进行周年污损生物挂板试验，共记录到污损生物60种，以亚热带暖水种为主，其中优势种类有河蜾蠃蜚 Corophium acherusicum 、钩虾 Gam-marus sp．、网纹藤壶 Amphibalanus reticulatus 、翡翠贻贝 Perna viridis 、华美盘管虫 Hydroides ele-gans 、太平洋侧花海葵 Anthopleura nigrescens 、冠瘤海鞘 Styela canopus 、凸壳肌蛤 Musculus senhousia和多齿围沙蚕 Perinereis nuntia 。全年均有生物附着，四季平均附着密度和附着湿质量分别为45136个／m2和4246．03 g／m2，其中以秋季附着密度最高，达到153514个／m2，春季附着湿质量最大，为9418．42 g／m2。污损生物群落 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数（H′）、Pielou 均匀度指数（J ）和 Margalef物种丰富度指数（d）均以夏季最高，冬季最低。丰度／生物量比较法结果表明，冬季、秋季、下半年和周年板上的污损生物群落结构不够稳定。%An annual panel investigation on marine fouling organisms in the waters off Bailong Peninsula was con-ducted from December 2011 to November 2012.A total of 60 species were identified and the dominant species were Corophium acherusicum ,Gammarus sp.,Amphibalanus reticulates ,Perna viridis ,Hydroides elegans ,Anthopleu-ra nigrescens ,Styela canopus ,Musculus senhousia ,Perinereis nuntia .The fouling organisms were mainly composed of subtropical and warm water affinities and the settlements occurred through the year,the average abundance and biomass on the seasonal test panel were 45 136 ind/m2 and 4 246.03 g/m2 .The highest seasonal abundance and biomass were 153 514 ind/m2 in autumn and 9 418.42 g/m2 in spring.The Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou's even-ness index and Margalef species richness of the community structure of fouling organisms on seasonal test panels were the highest in summer and lowest in winter.The results of ABC showed that community structures of fouling organisms on winter,autumn,second half year and annual test panels were not stable.