西北太平洋海洋净初级生产力与柔鱼资源量变动关系的研究

摘要

The ocean primary productivity plays important roles in the marine ecosystem,which greatly affects the potential catches of the marine fisheries.In this study,we evaluated the relationship between the stock level of the western stock of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii and the net primary productivity by using the fishery data during 2004-2013 obtained from the Chinese Squid-jigging Science and Technology Group,as well as the re-mote sensing environmental data.The results suggested that the net primary productivity on the fishing ground ex-hibited obviously seasonal variability,which was low in spring and winter and high in summer and autumn.In the fishing months from July to November,the suitable range of the net primary productivity for O.bartramii was 500-700 mg/(m2 ·d)in July,500-800 mg/(m2 ·d)in August,500-1 000 mg/(m2 ·d)in September,500-800 mg/(m2 ·d)in October and 300-500 mg/(m2 ·d)in November.The most suitable net primary productivity in July,August,September,October and November was 700 mg/(m2 ·d),600 mg/(m2 ·d),700 mg/(m2 ·d),600 mg/(m2 ·d)and 400 mg/(m2 ·d),respectively.Significant positive relationship was found between the average latitude of the most suitable net primary productivity and the latitudinal gravity center of fishing effort (P <0.05), suggesting that the locations of fishing effort were not randomly distributed,which might be strongly affected by the latitudinal distribution of the most suitable net primary productivity.The annually squid abundance was posi-tively related to the net primary productivity in March as well as its average value in July to November (P <0.05). We inferred that annual squid stock level was driven by the interaction between the concentration of net primary productivity on the spawning ground in March and on the fishing ground from July to November.Our findings in-dicated that the anomalous environments (El Niño and La Niña events)had strong influences on the variability of the net primary productivity on the spawning and fishing grounds,however,its regulating mechanism tended to va-ry.%海洋初级生产力在海洋生态中扮演重要角色，其变化影响了海洋渔业的潜在产量。本文根据2004－2013年中国鱿钓组提供的西北太平洋柔鱼（Ommastrephes bartramii ）捕捞数据和海洋遥感净初级生产力数据，研究了柔鱼冬春生西部群体资源量变动与净初级生产力的关系。结果发现，柔鱼渔场范围内净初级生产力在经度方向上呈明显的季节性变化，冬春季低，夏秋季高。捕捞月份7－11月对应的适宜净初级生产力范围分别为500～700 mg／（m2·d）（以碳计），500～800 mg／（m2·d），500～1000 mg／（m2·d），500～800 mg／（m2·d）和300～500 mg／（m2·d），最适净初级生产力分别为700 mg／（m2·d），600 mg／（m2·d），700 mg／（m2·d），600 mg／（m2·d）和400 mg／（m2·d）。7－11各月最适净初级生产力平均纬度与捕捞努力量纬度重心呈显著正相关关系（P ＜0．05），说明了捕捞努力量位置在渔场中不是随机分布，可能受最适净初级生产力的纬度分布的影响。柔鱼年间资源丰度与各年3月份净初级生产力以及7－11月份平均净初级生产力大小显著正相关（P ＜0．05）。推测每年柔鱼资源量大小可能是由3月份产卵场海域和7－11月捕捞月份渔场净初级生产力水平交互作用的结果。研究表明，异常环境条件（厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件）对柔鱼产卵场和渔场的净初级生产力具有显著影响，但调控机制不同。