海州湾春季皮氏叫姑鱼栖息地适宜性研究

摘要

Based on the data collected by bottom-trawl surveys in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters during spring in 2011 and 2013—2015,habitat suitability index (HSI)model of J ohnius belangerii was constructed in this study.According to the data of resource density,bottom temperature,bottom salinity and depth,boosted regres-sion tree (BRT)was used to evaluate the weight of each environmental variable in the HSI model.The arithmetic mean model (AMM)and the geometric mean model (GMM)were used to build HSI model,and the best model was selected by cross validations.Results showed that the optimal range of each environmental variable of j uvenile J.belangerii in spring with bottom temperature,bottom salinity and depth were 17.4—18℃,29.2—30.8,and less than 7 m,respectively.For adults,the optimal range of bottom temperature,bottom salinity and depth were 17.3—18℃,28.8—30.8 and <12 m,respectively.BRT model showed that the weight of bottom temperature, bottom salinity and depth for juveniles were 25.26%,26.58% and 48.16% respectively,and the depth played a key role among these environmental variables.The weight of bottom temperature,bottom salinity and depth for a-dults were 47.08%,20.29% and 32.63% respectively.And the bottom temperature was the most important envi-ronmental variable for adults.Cross validation showed that the weighted HSI model performed better for both j u-veniles and adults with lower AIC(Akaike information criterion)values.In Haizhou Bay,the optimal habitat for J.belangerii in spring varies with the growth stage.The most suitable habitats (HSI≥0.7)for j uveniles were mainly distributed in the shallow coastal waters(<7 m)of Shandong and Jiangsu alongshore during spring.For a-dults,the area of the highest habitat quality was wider than j uveniles,and it mainly distributed in the shallow wa-ters less than 1 2 m isobath areas.The distribution of J.belangerii was closely related to its biological traits,envi-ronmental factors,Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass and coastal currents in the Haizhou Bay,China.%根据2011年及2013—2015年春季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的底拖网调查数据,结合同步采集的底层水温、底层盐度、水深以及资源密度等数据,开展皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)栖息地适宜性的相关研究.利用提升回归树(boosted regression tree,BRT)模型确定各环境因子的权重,分别采用算术平均法(AMM)和几何平均法(GMM)建立栖息地适宜性指数(habitat suitability index,HSI)模型,并通过交叉验证确定最优模型.结果表明,皮氏叫姑鱼幼体最适栖息的底层水温为17.4~18.0℃,底层盐度为29.2~30.8,水深为7 m以浅;成体最适栖息的底层水温为17.3~18.0℃,底层盐度为28.8~30.8,水深为12 m以浅.根据BRT模型的输出结果显示,对皮氏叫姑鱼幼体总偏差贡献率最大的是水深,其次是底层盐度和底层水温;对成体总偏差贡献率最大的是底层水温,其次是水深和底层盐度.通过交叉验证发现,无论幼体还是成体,运用G MM算法,且赋予权重的HSI 模型具有较低的赤池信息准则值(akaike information criterion,AIC).海州湾春季皮氏叫姑鱼的最适栖息地随生长阶段而变化,幼体的最适栖息地(HSI≥0.7)主要分布在7m等深线以浅的山东、江苏沿岸海域;成体的最适栖息主要分布于12 m等深线以浅的海域.海州湾春季皮氏叫姑鱼幼体和成体最适栖息地的空间分布与其自身的生态习性、外界环境因子以及黄海冷水团、近岸沿岸流等因素密切相关.