中高纬度大气遥相关动力学及其对东亚冬季气候影响的研究进展

摘要

北半球热带外大气存在多种形态的大气遥相关。按其空间结构，可以分为两类：（1）异常中心为南北分布的偶极子型（例如北大西洋涛动、北太平洋涛动）；（2）异常中心呈波列型（例如北太平洋／北美型遥相关、欧亚型遥相关）。这些遥相关活动及其变异，不仅对遥相关控制的地区，而且对与遥相关相距很远的地区的天气和气候也产生影响。研究大气遥相关的形成机理及其天气气候影响，是进行短期气候预测的基础。近十多年来北半球中高纬度的大气遥相关动力学研究取得很大进展，在此对一些主要进展进行总结，特别关注影响中国天气、气候的大气遥相关及其影响机理方面的研究进展。%In the extratropics of the Northern Hemisphere,there exist many kinds of atmospheric teleconnection patterns.Ac-cording to their spatial structure,these teleconnection patterns are generally divided into two groups.One group comprises north-south dipole patterns,such as the North Atlantic Oscillation and the North Pacific Oscillation,which have two anoma-lous centers of opposite signs in the north-south direction.The other group includes the wave train-like patterns,which have several anomalous centers of opposite signs distributed mainly in the zonal direction,such as the Pacific/North American and Eurasian patterns.These teleconnection patterns greatly impact weather and climate not only in the regions where the telecon-nection patterns are active,but also in the regions thousands of kilometers away.Studying and understanding the formation mechanisms of these teleconnection patterns form the basis for the short-term climate prediction.This paper reviews advances in the study of the dynamics of these teleconnection patterns,with particular attention paid to the teleconnection patterns that significantly influence the weather and climate of East Asia.