鱼类和哺乳类TLR4基因结构和功能的保守与进化

摘要

Innate immunity is the first defense of organisms, which exist in all kinds of multicellular organism. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is aclass of Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that involved in the recognition of patho-gen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and played an important role in innate immunity. In regard to TLR4, which is a member of TLRs and could recognize the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bacterial. In the study, the found history of TLR4, structural features of TLR4 in mammalians and fish, distribution of TLR4, difference of TLR4 in mammalians and fish, signaling transmission, and the evolution of TLR4 were reviewed. This summary in the study would provide a reference for the research of TLR.%先天性免疫是生物体第一道免疫防线,存在于各种多细胞生物中.Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors, TLRs)是介导机体对病原体相关的分子模式(Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs)识别的一类模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptors, PPRs),在先天性免疫中发挥重要作用.TLR4是toll家族成员之一,哺乳类中主要负责识别细菌的脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS).文章就TLR4的发现历史, TLR4在鱼类和哺乳类中的结构特点, TLR4的分布特征,鱼类和哺乳类中TLR4识别配体的差异, TLR4的信号传导以及TLR4的进化进行了综述.综述将对TLR相关研究提供借鉴和参考.