研究描述了解放眉足蟹和日本冠鞭蟹的形态特征,并基于线粒体COⅠ基因片段分析了解放眉足蟹和日本冠鞭蟹的遗传多样性现状。解放眉足蟹的主要形态特征为体白色,甲壳呈琵琶形,背部中线隆起,表面较光滑,步足扁平,指节弯曲明显；日本冠鞭蟹的主要形态特征为体红褐色,甲壳呈卵形,头胸甲长大于甲宽,有许多白色斑点,步足简化成铲,上有刚毛。在长度为659 bp的线粒体COⅠ基因片段上,解放眉足蟹20个个体共检测到15个单倍型,平均GC含量为33.26%,单倍型多样度为0.9421,核苷酸多样度为0.0059；日本冠鞭蟹20个个体共检测到15个单倍型,平均GC含量为47.65%,单倍型多样度为0.9415,核苷酸多样度为0.0061。基于K-2P模型计算得到解放眉足蟹和日本冠鞭蟹种间遗传距离为0.2705,解放眉足蟹个体间平均遗传距离为0.006,日本冠鞭蟹个体间平均遗传距离为0.006,种间遗传距离显著大于种内遗传距离。以Emerita emeritus为外群构建系统树,不同蝉蟹分别形成各自独立的分支,表明COⅠ基因可以作为蝉蟹DNA条形码辅助分类。%The present study described the morphological characters ofBlepharipoda liberate andLopoomastix japo-nica, and analyzed the genetic diversity of two species based onCOⅠ gene. The diagnostic characters ofB. liberate are as following: Carapace approximately 1.3 times longer than wide; strongly keeled medially; anterior margin with large rugosi spine on either side of ocular sinus; frontal region smooth with few low teeth posterior to rostrum. The diagnos-tic characters ofL. japonica are as following: Carapace approximately 1.2 times longer than wide; gently keeled medially; anterior margin with proximally broad and distally narrowing rugose outer-ocular spines on either side of ocular sinus, concave medially. The gene diversity and nucleotide diversity ofB. liberate based onCOⅠ gene were 0.942±0.043 and 0.0059±0.0034, respectively. The gene diversity and the nucleotide diversity ofL. japonica were 0.941±0.0048 and 0.0061±0.0035, respectively. The K-2P distance was 0.2705 between theB. liberate andL. japonica, and these two species were distributed into two distinct branches based on neighbor-joining tree analysis, which rein-forces the validity of DNA barcoding on classification of Blepharipodidae based onCOⅠ gene.
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