基于Meta分析的中国西南喀斯特地区土壤动物群落特征研究

摘要

我国西南喀斯特地区环境容量小、生态系统变异敏感度高、灾变承受能力低,是典型的生态环境脆弱区.土壤动物是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,对生态系统功能和稳定性具有重要的意义.通过Meta分析研究西南喀斯特地区土壤动物群落特征,得到如下结果:本区域土壤动物隶属于5门15纲31类;中小型土壤动物平均密度6.0× 103-1.9× 104 m-2;中小型土壤动物密度和类群数表现为夏秋高、冬春低,土壤动物表聚性明显;喀斯特石漠化显著降低中小型土壤动物的密度和类群数量.本研究的结果表明,我国西南喀斯特地区土壤动物类群数量较为丰富,个体密度较低但可能被低估.在今后喀斯特地区生物多样性保护和脆弱生态系统的恢复工作中,应注重土壤动物群落的相关研究.%The karst area in Southwestern China is regarded as one of the most vulnerable ecological zones,characterized by low environmental capacity,high sensitivity of environmental variation,and low resilience of ecosystems to catastrophic variations.Soil fauna are important components of terrestrial ecosystems and play significant roles in maintaining the functions and stability of ecosystems.Based on meta-analysis,the present study evaluated the community characteristics of soil fauna in the Karst region,Southwest China,by analyzing the soil fauna species composition,their vertical distribution,and the influence of rocky desertification on soil fauna density and group numbers.Publications related to studies of soil fauna ecology studies carried out in the Karst region of Southwest China,which were published between January 1,1990 to October 31,2016,were retrieved from the Web of Science and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI) by using key words of soil fauna,soil animal,soil invertebrates,soil micro-arthropods,and karst both in Chinese and English.A total of 34 publications were selected for meta-analysis after literature filtering and quality evaluation.Results of metaanalysis,using R langue for statistical analysis,showed that soil fauna belonged to 5 phyla,15 classes,and 31 groups (classes or orders) in the Karst region of Southwest China.Soil macro-fauna were dominated by Hymenoptera and Coleoptera.Soil micro-fauna and soil meso-fauna were dominated by soil mites and collembolan.The density of soil microfauna and meso-fauna ranged from 6.0 × 103 to 1.9 × 104 individuals m-2.Soil fauna density and group numbers in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in winter and spring.Rocky desertification in the Karst region,Southwest China,significantly decreased soil fauna density (P ＜ 0.01,MD =-7799.6,95％ CI:-10822.24--4776.99) andgroup numbers (P ＜ 0.01,MD=-1.9,95％ CI:-2.89--1.09).Soil fauna individuals significantly decreased with soil depth (P ＜ 0.01,MD =-23.4,95％ CI:-0.31--0.16),showing an obvious phenomenon of soil surface layer accumulation.These results indicate that soil fauna group numbers were high,while the density was low.Nevertheless,soil fauna density was possibly underestimated because of the lack of soil nematodes data in most of the retrieved original publications.Because of the importance of soil fauna in ecosystems,greater attention should be paid to the soil fauna communities and their ecological functions,especially for biodiversity protection and the recovery of vulnerable ecosystems in the Karst region,Southwest China.