模拟气候变暖对不同地区多斑矢车菊形态属性的影响

摘要

Infrared simulation warming is used to investigate the effect on Centaurea maculosa 's growth and morphological characteristics under the conditions of warming 2°C (overground 10 cm). The C. Maculosa seeds came from different regions in North America and Europe. The results indicated that the temperature increase may impact the plant height,leaf number,and leaf area,shoot biomass,root biomass,root-top ratio of C. Maculosa from different regions. It can promote or restrain these processes in a certain extent. Comparing to other situations,the temperature increase made Arkansas,Ukraine and Canada C. Maculosa's plant height increase significantly. Warming also made Maryland C. Maculosa's plant height decrease significantly. The total leaf number increased 1 - 5, but the leaf number of Ukraine, Maryland did not increase. The leaf morphological properties became smaller. At the same time,the total leaf area of Canada C. Maculosa increased obviously, while Vermont group decreased significantly. Montana C. Maculosa's shoot biomass increased by warming, whereas Romania group was significantly reduced. For root biomass,Ukraine,Romania, Vermont C. Maculosa reduced obviously. The warming made Ukraine,Montana,Maryland and VermontC.maculosa's root-top ratio decreased obviously in this condition. Their response orders (from promote to restrain) are:Arkanses group, Canada group, Montana group, Ukraine group, Vermont group, Maryland group,Romania group. It indicated that C.maculosa from different regions have different adaptabilities under warming condition,the differences reflect in the C. Maculosa's growth and morphologies. As invasive species,the invasiveness are also different under the environment of global warming.%以北美及欧洲7个不同地区种源恶性杂草多斑矢车菊(Centaurea maculosa)为材料,采用红外辐射加热器模拟增温方法研究增温2℃(地上10 cm)对其生长及形态属性的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,增温使乌克兰、阿肯色、加拿大组多斑矢车菊株高显著增加,马里兰组株高显著减小.增温使多斑矢车菊叶片数量明显增加1～5片(乌克兰、马里兰组除外),叶片形态趋于变小；同时使加拿大组总叶面积显著增加,佛蒙特组总叶面积显著减小.增温使蒙大拿组多斑矢车菊地上生物量显著增加,罗马尼亚组却显著降低.增温使乌克兰、罗马尼亚、佛蒙特组多斑矢车菊地下生物量显著降低；除阿肯色组根冠比增加外,增温使其他地区多斑矢车菊根冠比下降.研究发现,7种多斑矢车菊对增温的响应(从促进到抑制)顺序依次为阿肯色组、加拿大组、蒙大拿组、乌克兰组、佛蒙特组、马里兰组、罗马尼亚组；不同地区多斑矢车菊对增温效应的适应能力不同,在生长及形态发生上存在差异,其潜在入侵潜力也可能不相同.