灯盏花雄性不育种质鉴定与花药发育的细胞学研究

摘要

对云南泸西栽培灯盏花群体进行调查,发现了灯盏花雄性不育种质个体,其出现频率约为1.06×10-4.对所发现的灯盏花不育株形态特征及其花药发育过程进行了观察,并对花粉活力进行鉴定.结果显示:(1)灯盏花不育株根、茎、叶形态与正常可育植株基本相似,管状花小,花丝短,花药瘦小,无花粉粒散出或花粉无活力.(2)灯盏花在其花药发育的小孢子母细胞时期、四分体时期、小孢子时期和单核早期,由于绒毡层细胞液泡化、提前解体,不能为小孢子或花粉发育提供所需物质,导致小孢子母细胞和四分体解体,产生无花粉的花药；或小孢子和单核花粉胞内降解,形成不同形状和外壁纹饰的败育花粉.研究认为,灯盏花花药绒毡层异常是其花粉败育的主要原因.%Male sterile individuals were discovered in the population of Erigeron breviscapus planted in Luxi Yunnan,and the frequency was about 1.06 × 10-4.The morphology and the anther development of the newly male sterile individuals was examined and the pollen vigor and seed-setting percentage of the individuals were tested.It was shown that the modality of root,peduncle and leaf was similar between sterile and normal fertile plants,but sizes of tubular flowers and anthers and filament lengths were litter and no pollen grain or pollen without vigor in the male sterile plants.At the microsporocyte phase,tetrad phase,microspore phase and early uninuclear phase in the anther development,the microsporocyte and tetrad break down and form anther without pollen grain,or the microspore and uninuclear pollen break down and form sterile pollen grain with different forms and extine sculptures,which resulted from the premature degeneration of the tapetum.