本文根据广义遗传模型的建模原理，按照三交和双交组合方式的交配设计，分别提出了分析作物三交和双交组合数量性状的加性-显性-母体效应的遗传模型(ADM模型)，给出了不同环境下各世代群体的遗传效应分量。应用MINQUE(1)法对包括不同世代的三交和双交组合的ADM模型进行了蒙特卡罗模拟分析，结果表明：采用亲本和三(双)交F1两个世代分析三(双)交组合的ADM模型时，即可获得方差分量的无偏估计值和遗传效应的无偏预测值；采用包括单交F1在内的三个世代联合分析时，更有利于提高显性等遗传效应方差分量的估算效益。最后讨论了利用单交组合预测三交和双交组合遗传表现的有关问题。%According to the principles of general genetic model and based on the mating designs of three-way and four-way crosses, two ADM models, one for 3-way crosses and the other for 4-way crosses were proposed for the analysis of additive, dominance and maternal effects. Components of genetic effects in different environments were derived for different generations. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted for analyzing ADM models of 3-way and 4-way crosses including different generations by using MINQUE (1) method. When two generations, parents and F1 of 3-way or 4-way crosses were employed for the ADM models, estimation of variance components and prediction of genetic effects could be obtained without bias. When three generations including F1 of single cross were used, the estimated efficiency of dominance and other items could be improved. The prediction of genetic behaviors of 3-way and 4-way crosses by single crosses was also discussed.
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