两种施肥环境下冬小麦京411及其衍生系产量和生理性状的遗传分析

摘要

Understanding the genetics of the traits related to yield potential, stability and high fertilizer-use efficiency is important for breeding new varieties. The elite parent Jing 411 has been widely used in wheat breeding programs in Northern Winter Wheat Region. In this study, Jing 411 and its 14 derivatives were sown in normal fertilized and no-fertilized environments to assess the changes in yield stability and fertilizer-use efficiency. Grain yield and harvest index increased following the generation advance, particularly harvest index increased significantly (P < 0.05). Zhongmai 175 showed high and stable grain yield and above ground biomass under two fertilized environments, mainly due to its high fertilizer-uptake efficiency. Canopy temperature was signifi-cantly associated with grain yield (P < 0.05), and leaf area index, and photosynthetic rate were significantly correlated with har-vest index (P < 0.05). Several important loci associated with yield and physiological traits were found in A and B genomes. Three new loci for grains per spike, leaf area index, and photosynthetic rate were detected on chromosomes 2B, 3A, and 5A, respectively. Furthermore, 31 positive genetic loci for yield and physiological traits were detected in elite parent Jing 411, and two derivatives, CA0958 and Zhongmai 175, had the most positive loci than others, accounting for 53.85% and 51.35%, respectively. Zhongmai 175 had higher yield potential and stability under different fertilizer environments, possibly due to the presence of positive loci for yield and physiological traits.%明确高产广适性与肥料高效利用相关性状的遗传特性对培育优良新品种具有重要意义。本研究以京411及其衍生后代共15个品种(系)为材料,在4个正常施肥和1个常年不施肥环境下研究品种(系)的产量构成因素和生理性状,结合90K SNP芯片,解析骨干亲本携带的产量和生理性状等位基因信息,探讨优异基因对高产品种的贡献。结果表明,正常施肥环境下,京411衍生后代的产量和收获指数均随世代增加呈逐渐上升趋势,其中收获指数增加较为显著(P <0.05)。冠层温度对籽粒产量有重要贡献(P <0.05),而叶面积指数和光合速率对收获指数有显著贡献(P <0.05)。两种施肥条件下中麦175具有较高且稳定的产量和生物学产量,主要与其较高的肥料吸收效率有关。控制产量和生理性状的遗传区段主要分布在A和B基因组上,2B、3A和5A染色体分别携带控制穗粒数、叶面积指数和光合速率的位点。京411携带31个对产量和生理性状为正向效应的等位基因,衍生品种CA0958和中麦175携带的正向效应区段最多,分别占正向效应位点总数的53.85%和51.35%。中麦175的高产潜力和广适应性可能与其携带较多有利等位基因有关。