油菜种子成熟度对千粒重和含油量性状的影响

摘要

A doubled haploid (DH) population (282 lines) derived from a cross between a German cuhivar 'Sollux' and a Chinese inbred line ' Gaoyou' was used to investigate the effect of seed maturity on 1000-seed weight and oil content of rapeseed from 2007 to 2008. Seed samples were collected twice in 7-day intervals, when early and later maturity lines entered yellow ripening stage( on 19th May and 26th May), respectively. According to the early flowering seage, all 282 DH lines were divided into four groups. Seed weight and oil content were analyzed and compared between two sampling times and among four groups, and correlations between 1000-seed weight, oil content and early flowering seage were calculated. The results showed that: ( 1 ) Harvesting rapeseeds one week later or before physiological maturity stage (yellow pods) could result in 0.198 g and 0.162 g decrease in 1000-seeds weight which were equivalent to a significant loss of yield up to 5％ ( P = 0.027 ) and 4％ ( P = 0.001 ) respectively; ( 2 ) No significant difference in seed oil content between two harvest time were observed for all four groups, showing that seeds maturity was less influence on oil content than 1000 seeds weight; (3) a significant negative correlation (r = -0.643 )between 1000-seed weight and the initial flowering time was identified. It will lead to a markedly reduction in 1000-seed weight if there are more than 4 days differences in flowering date under the cultivation environment of Haining in Zhejiang Province.%2007-2008年以德国高含油量油菜品种‘Sollux'和中国高油分自交系‘Gaoyou'杂交F1组合构建的含有282个株系的DH群体为研究材料,于油菜收获季节分别以早熟和迟熟株系达"黄熟"为标准,间隔7 d(5月19日和5月26日)进行2次取样,将所有株系按照不同初花期分成4组,分析各组材料在不同成熟度下收获种子千粒重和含油量的变化以及千粒重、含油量和初花期三者之间的关系.结果表明:(1)油菜植株黄熟后延迟1周收割(枯熟期),千粒重平均下降约0.198 g,差异达显著(P=0.027),相当于单产减产5%左右;而油菜若在正常成熟前1周收割,亦可使千粒重极显著降低0.162 g(P=0.001),相当于减产约4%;(2)黄熟期前后1周取样对4组不同初花期材料含油量性状均未有显著影响;(3)在浙江省海宁种植环境下,油菜千粒重和初花期呈极显著负相关(r=-0.643),开花期平均相差4 d左右即可导致千粒重显著增减.