施用不同新型增效尿素对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响

摘要

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different novel synergistic urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of high-yielding rice variety ( Mingzhu No. 2) on marine-fluvigenic yellow loamy paddy soil in North Zhejiang in 2011. The results showed that rice grain yields in the treatments of common urea and seaweed urea were increased with increasing N rates, but for the treatments of humic acid urea and amino acid urea, the highest yields was obtained in the treatments of medium N rates (180 kg N.hm-2). Total N uptake rates by rice aboveground followed the order; seaweed urea (253. 5 kg N.hm-2) >humic acid urea (242. 1 kg N.hm-2) >com-mon urea (236. 8 kg N.hm-2) > amino acid urea (230. 8 kg N.hm-2). Total N uptake rates and N demand amounts per 100 kg rice grain increased with increasing N rates, while dry matter production efficiency, rice grain production efficiency, N harvest index, N use efficiency, and internal N use efficiency were decreased with increasing N rates. Rice grain yields were fairly correlated with N demand amounts per 100 kg rice grain, dry matter pro- duction efficiency, grain production efficiency, N use efficiency, internal N harvest index (P < 0. 05). In this experiment condition, N fertilizer rate of 3 kinds of novel synergistic urea should be controlled at 180 kg N.hm-2, at which novel synergistic urea could obtain greater increased yield effect than common urea.%2011年在浙北的黄松田上,以高产水稻品种明珠2号为试验材料,研究不同新型增效尿素对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响.结果表明,施用普通尿素和海藻尿素时,稻谷产量随氮用量的增加而提高,而施用腐植酸尿素和氨基酸尿素时,中等氮用量(180 kg N·hm-2)处理的稻谷产量最高.水稻地上部N总吸收量按下列次序递减:海藻尿素(253.5 kg N·hm-2).＞腐植酸尿素(242.1 kg N.hm-2)＞普通尿素(236.8 kg N·hm-2)＞氨基酸尿素(230.8 kg N·hm-2).N总吸收量和每100 kg籽粒需氮量随施氮量的增加而提高,而干物质生产效率、稻谷生产效率、氮素收获指数、养分内部利用效率和氮肥生理利用率则随施氮量的增加而降低.水稻稻谷产量与每100 kg籽粒需氮量、干物质生产效率、稻谷生产效率、养分内部利用效率、氮素收获指数之间具有显著的相关性.在本试验条件下,氮用量应当控制在180 kg N·hm-2左右.3种新型增效尿素只有在施用中氮用量(180 kg N·hm-2)时才表现出比普通尿素更大的增产作用.