宁夏不同光伏温室和大棚冬季内环境比较研究

摘要

试验以二代日光温室为对照,以光伏日光温室(D1)、光伏双膜双网大棚(D2)以及光伏阴阳棚(D3,阳棚D3a、阴棚D3b)为处理,系统比较宁夏不同光伏温室冬季各月以及典型天气内部环境差异、建造的光伏成本与收益,明确各光伏温室内环境的越冬特性.结果表明,D1冬季各月最高温度、光强均显著高于对照(CK)与其他光伏温室,CK最低温度最高、平均湿度最低,D3a平均温度略低于CK,湿度和光强显著高于CK,D2与D3b温度光照显著低于其他温室,湿度显著高于其他温室;D2在典型晴天、阴天、雪天的温度和光照均最低、湿度最高,D1雪天温度低于CK,其他典型天气温度最高,湿度最低,D3a与CK差异不显著;各月各光伏温室发电量为D1>D3>D2,预计光伏发电10.15年后可收回光伏成本.综合分析得出,D1温室内环境总体优于CK,D3a与CK接近,D1、D3a、CK均适宜果菜越冬生产,D2冬季温度低于0 ℃,不适宜食用菌栽培,D3b温室环境仍适宜食用菌栽培.%Photovoltaic greenhouses are developed rapidly in Ningxia, in this paper second-generation solar greenhouse was chosen as the control (CK), photovoltaic solar greenhouse (D1), photovoltaic film double dual greenhouse (D2) and combining light with shade solar greenhouse (D3, solar greenhouse D3a, shade of greenhouse D3b) were chosen as treatments, the weather in every month in winter and the typical internal environment difference were analyzed in these photovoltaic greenhouse in Ningxia, and the costs and benefits of photovoltaic building were also analyzed to clarify the overwinter characteristics of each photovoltaic greenhouse environment.The results showed that the maximum temperature and light intensity of D1 were significantly higher than that of CK and other photovoltaic greenhouse in winter, the minimum temperature of CK was the highest and average humidity of CK was the lowest, the average temperature of D3a was lower than CK, but the humidity and light intensity were significantly higher than CK, temperature and light intensity of D2 and D3b were significantly lower than other greenhouses, but humidity were significantly higher than other greenhouses.In typical sunny, cloudy, snowy days, the temperature and light intensity of D2 were the lowest, and the humidity was the highest.The temperature in snowy day of D1 was lower than CK, but other typical weather temperature was the highest and humidity was the lowest.There was no significant difference in D3a and CK.The power generation of each photovoltaic greenhouse in each month was D1>D3>D2, and the construction cost of photovoltaic greenhouses could be recovered after 10.15 years.According to the comprehensive analysis, the inner greenhouse environment of D1 was better than CK, D3a was close to CK.D1, D3a and CK were suitable for fruit and vegetable production in winter.The winter temperature of D2 was below 0 ℃, which was not suitable for mushroom cultivation.D3b greenhouse environment was still suitable for mushroom cultivation.