柳树(Salix spp.)在污染环境修复中的应用

摘要

柳树(Salix spp.)具有生物量高、生长速度快、易繁殖、蒸腾作用强等特点,是进行污染环境修复的良好植物资源.既有研究显示,可利用柳树通过植物-土壤、植物-砂石、人工湿地及河岸缓冲区的方式净化污染水体,修复乙醇、多氯联苯、多环芳烃等有机污染,还可通过自然修复和强化修复(螯合剂、菌根)治理重金属污染.柳树对环境污染物的修复效率与品种、无性系、土壤类型及水文条件有关,且可通过螯合剂和菌根真菌等强化措施增强对污染物的净化效率.在今后的研究中,应当加强柳树生物能源开发研究,并与污染环境生态修复相结合,注重柳树环境修复优良品种的筛选与评价.%Willows had ideal biological characteristics for phytoremediation, such as high biomass, fast-growing, easy propagation and high transpiration ability.Relevant studies showed that willows could effectively remove nitrogen, phosphorus from contaminated environment through plant-soil, plant-sand, constructed wetland and river buffer zones.Willows could remediate organic pollutants such as ethanol, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Willows could also remove heavy metals through natural phytoremediation and induced phytoremediation (chelators, arbuscular myconhizal fungi).The phytoremediation efficiency of willows was strongly correlated with species or clones, soil types and hydrological regime.In the future, more strength should be put toward to explore the bioenergy potential of willow along with environment remediation techniques, and more efforts should be devoted to the screening and evaluation of willow species for environmental phytoremediation.