蔗糖浓度对高温下大棚早生新水梨花粉活力的影响

摘要

The author measured the pollen viability of"Zaoshengxinshui"pear at flower bud stage in greenhouse at different high temperatures (25,35 and 40 ℃)by adopting the isolated germination method,and studied the effects of different sucrose concentrations (10%,15% and 20%)in culture medium on the tolerance of pollens to high temperature,in order to screen out the optimum sucrose concentration for pollen viability assay,and to provide a guidance for artificial supplementary pollination and theoretical basis for high temperature control in facility cultivation. The results showed that the solid culture medium containing 15% sucrose was more suitable for pollen germination in vitro,but the optimum sucrose concentration for pollen tube growth was 10%."Zaoshengxinshui"pear at flower bud stage in greenhouse could resist to the high temperature of 35 ℃,but its pollen ger-mination rate began to decrease when the temperature kept at 35 ℃ for 2 h. At 40 ℃ high temperature,the pollen germination rate was significantly reduced. In addition,the damage of high temperature to the pollen viability could not be repaired,while high temperature had little influence on the length of pollen tube. So,15% sucrose in solid culture medium was the best for pollen ger-mination assay in vitro. High temperature could obviously reduce the pollen vitality,and the long-time high temperature above 35℃ should be avoided in the facility cultivation of pear.%研究了蔗糖对大棚栽培下早生新水梨花粉耐高温的影响,同时筛选测定了花粉生活力所需的合适蔗糖浓度,为人工辅助授粉提供指导,同时也为应对设施栽培中突遇高温提供理论依据.试验以大棚早生新水白蕾期花枝为试材,通过25、35、40℃处理不同时间来模拟温度变化,采用离体萌发法测定花粉的生活力,培养基蔗糖浓度以10%、15%和20%来研究其对花粉耐高温的影响.结果表明:蔗糖浓度为15%的固体培养基更适合花粉离体萌发,而适合花粉管生长的蔗糖浓度则为10%.大棚早生新水白蕾期耐高温35℃,且2 h之后花粉萌发率降低;40℃高温显著降低花粉萌发率.此外,高温对花粉活力的伤害不可修复,但对花粉管长度的影响较小.可见,蔗糖浓度为15%的固体培养基适合花粉离体萌发;高温明显影响花粉活力,设施栽培中应避免35℃以上的高温长时间出现.